Development of low-energy X-ray detectors using LGAD sensors

Andrä, M.; Zhang, Jiaguo; Bergamaschi, A.; Barten, R.; Borca, Camelia N.; Borghi, G.; Boscardin, M.; Busca, P.; Brückner, Martin; Cartiglia, N.; Chiriotti, S.; Betta, G.-F. Dalla; Dinapoli, R.; Fajardo, P.; Ferrero, M.; Ficorella, F.; Fröjdh, E.; Greiffenberg, D.; Huthwelker, Thomas; Lopez-Cuenca, C.; Meyer, M.; Mezza, D.; Mozzanica, A.; Pancheri, Lucio; Paternoster, G.; Redford, S.; Ruat, M.; Ruder, C.; Schmitt, B.; Shi, X.; Sola, V.; Thattil, D.; Tinti, G.; Vetter, S.

doi:10.1107/s1600577519005393

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…This additional region around 0.4 fC, marked as (0), originates from capacitive coupling between adjacent strips, when the main charge was generated on one of the adjacent strips. According to the capacitance estimations, also discussed in [11], we expect about 5% capacitive coupling to the adjacent strip, which agrees well with the observed distribution of cluster sizes. The above described argumentation demonstrates that all charges below the value of 7 fC, ToT of 29 ns, originate either from capacitive coupling or from the area with reduced gain, and therefore are omitted when estimating the final precision of time measurement.…”

Section: Charge Calibration and Cluster Size Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The low electric-field region (low gain region) can be slightly reduced by increasing the bias voltage. By extrapolating the measurement shown in [11], Fig. 9, the fill factor of these LGAD sensors can reach about 55-60% at a gain of 20 and a bias voltage of about 300V.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…1. As investigated in details using the X-ray focused beam technique [11] these sensors have a low electric-field region between neighboring gain implants of about 90 µm width where the measured gain is at least 50% lower than the maximum. The low electric-field region (low gain region) can be slightly reduced by increasing the bias voltage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T$$_0$$) detector upgrade

et al. 2020

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Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. LGAD properties have been studied with proton beams at the COoler SYnchrotron facility in Jülich, Germany. We have demonstrated that systems based on a prototype LGAD operated at room temperature and equipped with leading-edge discriminators reach a time precision below 50 ps. The application in the HADES, experimental conditions, as well as the test results obtained with proton beams are presented.

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Section: Charge Calibration and Cluster Size Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T$$_0$$) detector upgrade

et al. 2020

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“…R&D and optimization of the ATAR design is ongoing. Preliminary LGAD studies done with X-rays coming from the Stanford light source (SSRL) [72] and PSI [73] show that…”

Section: Active Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment

Collaboration¹,

Altmannshofer²,

Binney³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The physics motivation and the conceptual design of the PIONEER experiment, a next-generation rare pion decay experiment testing lepton flavor universality and CKM unitarity, are described. Phase I of the PIONEER experiment, which was proposed and approved at Paul Scherrer Institut, aims at measuring the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs. muons, R e/µ , 15 times more precisely than the current experimental result, reaching the precision of the Standard Model (SM) prediction at 1 part in 10 4 . Considering several inconsistencies between the SM predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality, the PIONEER experiment will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles up to the PeV mass scale. The later phases of the PIONEER experiment aim at improving the experimental precision of the branching ratio of pion beta decay (BRPB), π + → π 0 e + ν(γ), currently at 1.036(6) × 10 −8 , by a factor of three (Phase II) and an order of magnitude (Phase III). Such precise measurements of BRPB will allow for tests of CKM unitarity in light of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly and the theoretically cleanest extraction of |V ud | at the 0.02% level, comparable to the deduction from superallowed beta decays.

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“…To achieve a uniform multiplication in most of the area and a high fill factor, the pad pitch must by far greater than the substrate thickness. Pixel or strip pitches in the order of ∼100 𝜇m are therefore not achievable in LGAD technology [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip

D'Amen,

Chen,

De La Taille

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task. Among other silicon-based candidates, the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has already shown excellent timing performances but proved to be unsuitable for fine pixelization. Therefore, the AC-coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) approach was introduced to provide high resolution in both time and space, making it a promising candidate for future 4D detectors. However, appropriate readout electronics must be developed to match the sensor's fast-time and fine-pitch capabilities. This is currently a major technological challenge. In this paper, we test AC-LGAD prototypes read out by the fast-time ASIC ALTIROC 0, originally developed for the readout of DC-coupled LGADs for the ATLAS experiment at the HL-LHC. Signal generated by either betas from a 90 Sr source or a focused infra-red laser were analyzed. This paper details the first successful readout of an AC-LGAD sensor using a readout chip. This result will pave the way for the design and construction of a new generation of AC-LGAD-based 4D detectors.

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Development of low-energy X-ray detectors using LGAD sensors

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T$$_0$$) detector upgrade

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the HADES reaction time (T$$_0$$) detector upgrade

Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment

Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip

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