Development of Lightweight Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete by Using Polystyrene and Recycled Crumb-Rubber Aggregates

Aslani, Farhad; Deghani, Ayoub; Asif, Zohaib

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003008

Cited by 80 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, raw materials of geopolymer are mostly by-products of industrial products with abundant reserves and low prices. Compared with OPC, geopolymers have better mechanical, chemical, thermal properties, and durability [6,[8][9][10][11][12]. Based on the above-mentioned characteristics, geopolymer is a better option for the development of sustainable products such as building materials, fire-retardant coatings, fiber-reinforced composite materials, and fixed solutions for chemical and nuclear industrial wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Content on Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/GGBFS Mortars Cured at Cold and Polar Regions

Xiang

Feng

et al. 2019

Materials

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Negative temperature curing is a very harmful factor for geopolymer mortar or concrete, which will decrease the strength and durability. The water in the geopolymer mixture may be frozen into ice, and the water content is a crucial factor. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of water content on the properties of alkali-activated binders mortar cured at −5 • C. Fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used as binders. Three groups of experiments with different water content were carried out. The prepared samples were investigated through uniaxial compression strength test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the determination of their compressive strength, microstructural features, phase, and composition. The results indicated that, the compressive strength of samples basically maintained 25.78 MPa at an age of 28 days; for 90 days, the values reached 33.4 MPa-34.04 MPa. The results showed that lower water content is beneficial to improving the early strength of mortar at −5 • C curing condition, while it has little impact on long-term strength. These results may provide references for the design and construction of geopolymer concrete in cold regions.However, most previous studies about the alkali-activated fly ash/GGBFS mortar and concrete were carried out by curing samples at elevated temperature or in ambient curing condition [13]. Many researchers believed that addition of GGBFS can significantly improve early and later age mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature [14,15]. Up to now, the research on the physical and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete curing at negative temperature has not been reported.With the social development, cleaner and energy-saving building materials are needed in cold and polar regions of the world. For example, Figure 1 shows the mean annual air temperature distribution of China in 2015 [16], and the temperature in most areas is lower than 0 • C, however, many infrastructures were built in these areas, such as Qinghai-Tibet railway, Sichuan-Lasa Expressway, and Harbin Dalian high speed railway. These projects only have a very short construction period of positive temperature (above 0 • C) every year, which will extend the entire construction period and increase the cost. If the in-situ casting geopolymer concrete with better performance can be obtained under the condition of negative temperature curing, the construction period will be shortened and the cost will be saved. Materials 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16building materials, fire-retardant coatings, fiber-reinforced composite materials, and fixed solutions for chemical and nuclear industrial wastes. However, most previous studies about the alkali-activated fly ash/GGBFS mortar and concrete were carried out by curing samples at elevated temperature or in ambient curing condition [13]. Many researchers believed that addition of GGBFS can significantly improve early and later age mechanical strengt...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Content on Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/GGBFS Mortars Cured at Cold and Polar Regions

Xiang

Feng

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Besides, solid waste materials, such as waste glass and recycled aggregate, have the potential to be applied in HSC to overcome the strength shortcomings of the waste itself [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Therefore, HSC incorporated with solid wastes has the benefits of both strength enhancement and sustainable prospect [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance Prediction for Sustainable High-Strength Concrete Using Bio-Inspired Neural Network

et al. 2022

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High-strength concrete (HSC) is a functional material possessing superior mechanical performance and considerable durability, which has been widely used in long-span bridges and high-rise buildings. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is one of the most crucial parameters for evaluating HSC performance. Previously, the mix design of HSC is based on the laboratory test results which is time and money consuming. Nowadays, the UCS can be predicted based on the existing database to guide the mix design with the development of machine learning (ML) such as back-propagation neural network (BPNN). However, the BPNN’s hyperparameters (the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in each layer), which is commonly adjusted by the traditional trial and error method, usually influence the prediction accuracy. Therefore, in this study, BPNN is utilised to predict the UCS of HSC with the hyperparameters tuned by a bio-inspired beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm. The database is established based on the results of 324 HSC samples from previous literature. The established BAS-BPNN model possesses excellent prediction reliability and accuracy as shown in the high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9893) and low Root-mean-square error (RMSE = 1.5158 MPa). By introducing the BAS algorithm, the prediction process can be totally automatical since the optimal hyperparameters of BPNN are obtained automatically. The established BPNN model has the benefit of being applied in practice to support the HSC mix design. In addition, sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the significance of input variables. Cement content is proved to influence the UCS most significantly while superplasticizer content has the least significance. However, owing to the dataset limitation and limited performance of ML models which affect the UCS prediction accuracy, further data collection and model update must be implemented.

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“…Rubberised geopolymer mixes (RuGM), mortars or concrete, in which the part of mineral aggregates and the cement based matrix are replaced by recycled rubber and industry by-products, respectively, combine the environmental benefits of using both waste and recycled materials in construction materials [32][33][34][35][36][37]. The lower elastic modulus of geopolymer systems compared to conventional cement-based materials can provide better compatibility with the added rubber particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to cement based matrices, in geopolymer systems, the alkaline solution used to dissolve the alumina and silica in the precursors can improve the adhesion between rubber particle and matrix, ensuring better bonding with the geopolymer mix [36]. Whilst both CGM and RuC materials have been widely examined, studies on RuGM only recently emerged and the field remains relatively limited [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from one study [22], research on the influence of incorporating microsilica (MS) in alkali activated systems is lacking to date [32]. Additionally, studies on two-part RuGM are limited [33][34][35][36][37], and those on one-part RuGM are non-existent [38]. This study aims at developing one-part FA/GGBS/MS CGM and RuGM systems that are safe and effective for on-site use, as well as have appropriate durability, enhanced mechanical and environmental performance for structural applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Multi-Binder Geopolymer Mortars Incorporating Recycled Rubber Particles

Abdelmonim

Bompa

2021

Infrastructures

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This paper examines the performance of multi-binder conventional geopolymer mixes (GCMs) with relatively high early strength, achieved through curing at ambient temperature. Mixes incorporating ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA) and microsilica (MS) and sodium metasilicate anhydrous, were assessed in terms of workability, mechanical properties and embodied carbon. A cement mortar was also prepared for the sake of comparison. The best performing GCM was then used as a reference for rubberised geopolymer mixes (RuGM) in which the mineral aggregates were replaced by recycled rubber particles in proportions up to 30% by volume. Experimental results were combined with embodied carbon estimations in a multi-criteria assessment to evaluate the performance of each material. A mix with a 75/25 GGBS-to-FA ratio, in which 5% MS was added, had the best performance in terms of strength, workability, water absorption and environmental impact. The compressive strength was above 50 MPa, similar to that of the cement mortar. The latter had significantly higher embodied carbon, with factors ranging between 3.48 to 4.20, compared with the CGM mixes. The presence of rubber particles reduced the mechanical properties of RuGM proportionally with the rubber amount, but had similar workability and embodied carbon to CGMs. Finally, a strength degradation model is validated against the tests from this paper and literature to estimate the compressive strength of RuGM, providing reliable predictions over a wide range of rubber contents.

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Development of Lightweight Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete by Using Polystyrene and Recycled Crumb-Rubber Aggregates

Cited by 80 publications

References 56 publications

Influence of Water Content on Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/GGBFS Mortars Cured at Cold and Polar Regions

Influence of Water Content on Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/GGBFS Mortars Cured at Cold and Polar Regions

Mechanical Performance Prediction for Sustainable High-Strength Concrete Using Bio-Inspired Neural Network

Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Multi-Binder Geopolymer Mortars Incorporating Recycled Rubber Particles

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