Numerous important events happen everyday and everywhere but are reported in different media sources with different narrative styles. How to detect whether real-world events have been reported in articles and posts is one of the main tasks of event extraction. Other tasks include extracting event arguments and identifying their roles, as well as clustering and tracking similar events from different texts. As one of the most important research themes in natural language processing and understanding, event extraction has a wide range of applications in diverse domains and has been intensively researched for decades. This article provides a comprehensive yet up-to-date survey for event extraction from text. We not only summarize the task definitions, data sources and performance evaluations for event extraction, but also provide a taxonomy for its solution approaches. In each solution group, we provide detailed analysis for the most representative methods, especially their origins, basics, strengths and weaknesses. Last, we also present our envisions about future research directions. INDEX TERMS Event extraction, event extraction tasks, event corpus, natural language processing.
In order to address the issue of high temperatures and thermal damages in deep mines, the factors causing downhole heat damage at high temperatures were analyzed, the mine ventilation system was optimized and rebuilt, and a cooling system was established. The proposed cooling system uses mine water as the cooling source, and its features are based on the analysis of traditional cooling systems. The current ventilation system in the 1118 m deep pit of the Jinqu Gold Mine was evaluated, and the ventilation network, ventilation equipment, and ventilation structures near the underground working face were optimized. The low-temperature mine water stored in the middle section of the mine at 640 m depth was used as the cooling source, and a cooling system was established near the 440 m deep middle return well to alleviate the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions of the 280 m deep middle-western area. The results show that the effective air volume in the west wing at 280 m was 3.0 m3/s, the operating ambient temperature was 27.6°C, the relative humidity was reduced to 76%, and the temperature was reduced by 5-6°C after the optimization of the system.
Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes. If left untreated, these ulcers can lead to severe infection and gangrene; in some instances, they may result in death. Thus, timely treatment of diabetic foot ulcers is extremely important. However, timely patient treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly challenging, because of the higher volume of patients and the need to ensure safety of medical personnel. This article describes a proposed strategy for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, based on experiences with infection and control strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
This study is concerned with the dynamical behaviors of epidemic spreading over a two-layered interconnected network. Three models in different levels are proposed to describe cooperative spreading processes over the interconnected network, wherein the disease in one network can spread to the other. Theoretical analysis is provided for each model to reveal that the global epidemic threshold in the interconnected network is not larger than the epidemic thresholds for the two isolated layered networks. In particular, in an interconnected homogenous network, detailed theoretical analysis is presented, which allows quick and accurate calculations of the global epidemic threshold. Moreover, in an interconnected heterogeneous network with inter-layer correlation between node degrees, it is found that the inter-layer correlation coefficient has little impact on the epidemic threshold, but has significant impact on the total prevalence. Simulations further verify the analytical results, showing that cooperative epidemic processes promote the spreading of diseases.Recent works have shown that correlated multiplexity is ubiquitous in the world trade system [20], as well as in transportation network systems [21,22]. Due to their impact on network robustness [21,23] and percolation properties [19,24], multiplex networks has been extensively studied. In [25], the impact of inter-layer correlations on epidemic processes was studied regarding awareness in disease networks. With a degree correlation between double-layer random awareness networks and disease spreading, there is a strong evidence that an epidemic can be suppressed through large-degree nodes arXiv:1702.03926v1 [physics.soc-ph]
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