Development of KOH activated high surface area carbon and its application to drinking water purification

Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries, have been proven to be the most effective energy conversion and storage technologies for practical application. However, further development of these energy storage devices is hindered by their poor electrode performance. Carbon materials used in supercapacitors and batteries are often derived from nonrenewable resources under harsh environments. Naturally abundant biomass is a green, alternative carbon source with many desired properties. This review article presents state of the art of renewable carbon materials derived from natural biomasses with an emphasis on their applications in supercapacitors and lithium-sulfur batteries. IMPACT STATEMENTThis review paper provides a comprehensive understanding for obtaining renewable carbons from natural biomass precursors via various activation methods for electrochemical energy storage application, especially for supercapacitor and lithium sulfur battery. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The KOH activation process below 1000 K, with petroleum coke as an example, can be expressed by the following equations [62]:…”

Section: Chemical Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived renewable carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

Gao

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Materials Research Letters

432

181

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“…The potassium species formed during the activation step diffuse into the internal structure of the char matrix, which widens existing pores and creates new pores. The activation involving KOH proceeds according to the following reactions (Otowa et al 1997):…”

Section: Effect Of the Koh/char Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Pinewood- and Wheat Straw-based Activated Carbon via a Microwave-assisted Potassium Hydroxide Treatment and an Analysis of the Effects of the Microwave Activation Conditions

Mao¹,

Zhou²,

Hashisho³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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This study explored the effect of activated carbon preparation conditions on their adsorption performance. Pinewood and wheat straw were used as source materials to prepare activated carbon via a fast activation process using KOH and microwave heating. The iodine numbers and carbon yields were determined to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. The effects of various KOH/char mass ratios, particle sizes, humidity levels, and microwave heating times on the physical characteristics of the activated carbon were investigated. The iodine number and yield and SEM images were used to characterize the activated carbon. Small particle sizes, the presence of humidity in the purge gas, and high KOH/char ratios resulted in higher iodine numbers. The best activated carbons were obtained using a KOH/char ratio of 3.0, a microwave power of 600 W, a radiation time of 30 min, and a particle size of 0.1 to 0.42 mm in a humid environment; these carbons showed iodine numbers of 2208 mg/g (pinewood activated carbon) and 1420 mg/g (wheat straw activated carbon), with carbon yields of 73% and 52%, respectively. Longer microwave heating times increased the iodine number. The iodine numbers and yields of the pinewood activated carbons were much higher than those of their wheat straw counterparts.

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“…There are minor differences in the overall chemical composition of activated charcoals compared to biochars, with the only significant difference being biochars possess higher oxygen contents (5-25%; e.g. Della Rocca et al, 1999;Brewer et al, 2009;Zimmerman, 2010) than the corresponding activated charcoal (<10%; Yalcin & Sevinc 2000;Otowa et al, 1997) and natural black C forms (<7%; Hargrave et al, 1986;Ghetti, 1986;Hofrichter et al, 1997). The most striking difference is in surface area, with activated charcoals typically being >1000 m 2 g -1 and biochars are often two orders of magnitude smaller (<50 of m 2 g -1 ; e.g.…”

Section: Charcoal Coal Ash and Activated Carbon: Non-biochar Additionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Biochar (Black Carbon) Additions on the Sorption and Efficacy of Herbicides

Mesa¹,

Spokas²

2011

Herbicides and Environment

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Development of KOH activated high surface area carbon and its application to drinking water purification

Cited by 329 publications

References 4 publications

Biomass-derived renewable carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

Biomass-derived renewable carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

Preparation of Pinewood- and Wheat Straw-based Activated Carbon via a Microwave-assisted Potassium Hydroxide Treatment and an Analysis of the Effects of the Microwave Activation Conditions

Impacts of Biochar (Black Carbon) Additions on the Sorption and Efficacy of Herbicides

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