Development of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Fetal Life and the First Postnatal Months

Rognum, Torleiv O.; Thrane, P. S.; Stoltenberg, Lauritz; Vege, Åshild; Brandtzæg, Per

doi:10.1203/00006450-199208000-00003

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The mucosal immunity is developing rapidly during the first months of life (32)(33)(34) and an activation of mucosal immunity in the aerodigestive tract has been demonstrated in SIDS victims (13,35). In the present study detection of H. pylori stool antigen also varied significantly with age; cases below 5 mo of age being accountable for the difference between SIDS and live controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

2008

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“…In human fetuses, MacDonald et al (1988), andOliver et al (1988) have found faint and inconsistent expression of MHC II and Ii/CD74 at the tips of the intestinal villi at as early as 18 weeks of gestation. It has been suggested that prostaglandins, which were used to induce abortions, might have induced this expression (Rognum et al 1992). Induction of MHC II and Ii/CD74 expression in epithelial cells is known to occur after local production or injection of interferon-␥ (Kvale et al 1988) in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Induction of MHC II and Ii/CD74 expression in epithelial cells is known to occur after local production or injection of interferon-␥ (Kvale et al 1988) in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection. In a study of intestinal tissues from premature infants, Rognum et al (1992) have shown that expression of MHC class II antigens (HLA-DR) was present only 1 week after birth, around the same time as IgAsecreting cells emerge. They attribute these findings to postnatal environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Invariant Chain (CD 74) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Antigens in the Human Fetus¹

Badve

Deshpande

Hua

et al. 2002

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YDuring the initiation of an immune response, antigen-presenting cells employ MHC class II antigens as key molecules to present small peptides to CD4-positive lymphocytes. The invariant chain (Ii; CD74) plays a critical role in this process by influencing the expression and peptide loading of the MHC class II molecules. Therefore, coordinate expression of these molecules is believed to play an important role in antigen presentation. This study explores the expression of these molecules in fetal tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded multi-organ tissue blocks from aborted fetuses (age range 7-22 weeks) were immunostained for Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens using commercially available monoclonal antibodies for Ii/CD74 (LN2) and MHC class II antigens (LN3), respectively. Coordinate staining for Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens was seen in the skin, proximal renal tubules, tips of small intestinal mucosa, and cells of the reticuloendothelial system, including the spleen and thymus. Expression of Ii/CD74, but not of MHC class II antigens, was seen in pulmonary alveolar epithelium in all cases and in testicular Leydig cells (11 of 11 testes examined). The distribution and intensity of staining did not change significantly with age. In conclusion, this study describes distribution of Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens in human fetal tissues. Coordinate expression of Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens was identified in most fetal tissues, but there were also notable exceptions. In all cases this took the form of expression of Ii/ CD74 in the absence of MHC class II expression. Discordance was particularly striking in pulmonary alveolar epithelium and testicular Leydig cells. This suggests that the Ii/CD74 molecule has functional roles in addition to its role in antigen presentation.

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“…15 High culture positivity rate was seen in our study as preterm VLBW neonates are more susceptible to infection due to various reasons like lower levels of IgG which are passively transferred during the third trimester; mucous membrane defenses such as secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), mucin, and defensins have been shown in some studies to be deficient in VLBW neonates and the first line of defense against infection is an intact epidermis and mucous membranes, which are compromised in VLBW infants. 4,[16][17][18] The most common risk factor associated with BACTEC blood culture positivity was prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) with a positivity rate of 67% followed by urinary tract in infection in mother (58%). In the study done by Maharaja P et al low birth weight followed by PROM were the most common risk factors correlating to sepsis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile and outcome of early onset sepsis in high risk very low birth weight neonates

Shukla

Rawat

2018

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity, especially in very low birth weight neonates (birth weight <1499 grams) despite the progress in hygiene, introduction of new and potent antimicrobial agents for treatment and advanced measures for diagnosis. The aim of the study was to find correlation of clinical features and risk factors of neonatal sepsis in culture positive cases.Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out in one hundred neonates with risk factors of septicemia after obtaining informed consent. Blood culture was done using Bactec Peds Plus/F Culture as a gold standard to diagnose septicaemia. Correlation of risk factors, clinical features with laboratory findings was obtained by using chi-square test. p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Out of 100 neonates with suspected sepsis, BACTEC culture proven sepsis was seen in 40% cases. Gram negative sepsis was seen in 62.5% cases. The most common bacteria for early onset sepsis were Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and MRSA contributing 17% each to the bacteriological profile. The most common predisposing factor and clinical feature in culture positive cases were Premature rupture of membrane >24 hours (67%) and bleeding/petechia/pupura (72%) respectively. The major cause of mortality was pulmonary hemorrhage.Conclusions: Gram negative organism were more common and associated with higher mortality. Blood culture positivity increases with increase in number of risk factors in neonatal septicemia. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination is vital for early recognition of sepsis.

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Development of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Fetal Life and the First Postnatal Months

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

Expression of Invariant Chain (CD 74) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Antigens in the Human Fetus¹

Clinical profile and outcome of early onset sepsis in high risk very low birth weight neonates

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Development of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Fetal Life and the First Postnatal Months

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool Is Associated With SIDS and Sudden Infant Deaths due to Infectious Disease

Expression of Invariant Chain (CD 74) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Antigens in the Human Fetus1

Clinical profile and outcome of early onset sepsis in high risk very low birth weight neonates

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Expression of Invariant Chain (CD 74) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Antigens in the Human Fetus¹