“…In the stacked form platforms, one layer only achieves one degree of freedom. Several motion principles have been applied to obtain this only one motion degree of freedom, for instance stick-slip principle [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], inchworm principle [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and ultrasonic principle [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Afterwards, several layers should be stacked together to obtain the multi-DOF motion, which causes the challenge of reliability because of abrasion and complicated structures.…”