Development of high-oleic, low-linolenic acid Ethiopian-mustard (Brassica carinata) germplasm

Abstract

Seed oil of current zero erucic-acid germplasm of Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) is characterized by a low concentration of oleic acid and high concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids. Sources of increased oleic-acid (HO) and reduced linolenic-acid (LL) concentration have been developed separately in high erucic-acid germplasm. The objectives of the present research were to study the inheritance of the HO and LL traits in crosses HO x LL, and to develop HOLL recombinants, both in high erucic-acid and zero erucic-acid backgrounds. The HO mutant N2-3591 (about 20% oleic acid compared to 9% in conventional high erucic-acid materials), was reciprocally crossed with the LL lines N2-4961 and HF-186 (both with about 5% linolenic acid compared to 12% in standard high erucic-acid materials). Increased oleic acid concentration of N2-3591 was found to be controlled by alleles at one locus (Ol), whereas three different loci for reduced linolenic-acid concentration (Ln, Ln1 and Ln2) were identified in N2-4961 and HF-186. Crosses between N2-3591 and N2-4961 generated HOLL recombinants where levels of increased oleic-acid and reduced linolenic-acid were similar to those of the parents. However, a transgressive segregation for oleic acid was observed in crosses between N2-3591 and HF-186, where F(2) seeds with up to 29.7% oleic acid were obtained, in comparison to an upper limit of 25.1% in the N2-3591 parent grown in the same environment. The transgressive increased oleic-acid was expressed in the F(3) generation and was attributed to the presence of a second locus, designated Ol2. The transgressive trait was transferred to the zero erucic-acid line 25X-1, resulting in a zero erucic-acid germplasm with very high oleic-acid concentration (83.9% compared to 32.9% in 25X-1) and low linolenic-acid concentration (5.0% compared to 16% in 25X-1). Additionally, two other lines exhibiting different stable levels of increased oleic-acid (70.7% and 79.5%, respectively) and reduced levels of linolenic-acid (7.5% and 8.7%, respectively) were isolated.

Genetic Variation of Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) Germplasm in Western Canada

“…Falk, unpubl.) from populations of B. carinata similar to those reported here, along with the development of more favourable fatty acid profiles (Getinet et al 1994;Velasco et al 2003), are among the first steps toward realizing the potential of this species. AFLP analysis provided good resolution for discerning genetic diversity among B. carinata lines.…”

“…Its use as a biodiesel is only now being explored. The oil could be used for human consumption now that zero erucic (Getinet et al 1994) and zero erucic/high oleic (Velasco et al 2003) acid forms have been developed. Meal protein from this species could also be used as a feed if low glucosinolate forms were developed or if procedures were developed to remove these compounds; conversely, high glucosinolate forms may have potential as a biofumigant.…”

Biodiesel production from Cynara cardunculus L. and Brassica carinata A. Braun seeds and their suitability as fuels in compression ignition engines

“…and Brassica napus L.) because of its higher tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses (Sharma et al, 2008;Canam et al, 2013) and its good productivity under low-input conditions. Even more interest arose on its oil rich in erucic and linolenic acid (Velasco et al, 2003) and its possible uses in industrial applications (Atabani et al, 2013). The aim of this work is to evaluate the potentials of C. cardunculus L. and B. carinata A. Braun grown in marginal and semi-marginal areas of Southern Italy as bioenergy crops for biodiesel production.…”

Development and characterisation of a Brassica carinata inbred line incorporating genes for low glucosinolate content from B. juncea

“…Brassica carinata is a promising oilseed crop for dry areas because of its heat and drought tolerance (Fereres et al 1983), resistance to diseases (Gugel et al 1990) and availability of germplasm with good seed oil quality (Velasco et al 2003). But like the other Brassica oilseed crops, the development of B. carinata crop at a commercial scale will require the previous development of low glucosinolate germplasm.…”