Genetic Variation of Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) Germplasm in Western Canada

Abstract

Information on genetic diversity and genetic relationships among genotypes of Brassica carinata is currently limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate patterns and levels of genetic diversity in B. carinata based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) as compared with Brassica juncea and Brassica nigra, and to evaluate agronomic and seed quality data for plants grown in the field in western Canada. A total of 296 AFLP bands were generated from four primer pair combinations and scored for presence/ absence in 66, 20 and 7 accessions of B. carinata, B. juncea and B. nigra, respectively. B. carinata was less genetically diverse than the other two species. Differences in diversity were evident in the proportion of polymorphic loci within each species: 23, 35 and 50% for B. carinata, B. nigra and B. juncea, respectively. Pair-wise similarity measures based on the Jaccard coefficient were highest among accessions of B. carinata and showed the narrowest range: 0.911 (0.810-0.981) compared to B. nigra: 0.569 (0.438-0.660) and B. juncea: 0.715 (0.345-0.951). AFLP-based genetic distance information can be used by plant breeders to select diverse genotypes. AFLPs are also useful for fingerprinting cultivars and two primer pair combinations were sufficient to uniquely identify all the accessions of B. carinata. More variation among accessions was identified in the agronomic trial than had previously been described in studies of B. carinata in western Canada, but the data were too limited to draw conclusions regarding specific accessions. Overall, the findings were in agreement with other published work describing the favourable agronomic potential of this species.

Genetic Diversity in Indigenous Landraces of Brassica napus based on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics using Multivariate Techniques

“…The separation of genotypes based on PC1 and PC2 revealed that the populations were distributed in all the directions, which clearly recognized the diversification in indigenous landraces of B. napus L. Previous data based on first and second five PCs with > 1 contributed 73.30% and 64.45% of the genetic variability, respectively among various accessions of B. juncea L. (Ali et al, 2015). Past researchers have made divergence studies of morphological and seed attributes using principal component and cluster analyses in Brassica species (Takahata and Hinata, 1986), B. napus L. (Bus et al, 2011;Gyawali et al, 2013), Indian mustard (Dias et al, 1993;Rabbani et al, 1998b), Ethiopian mustard (Alemayehu and Becker, 2002;Genet et al, 2005;Warwick et al, 2006), and white head cabbage (Balkaya et al, 2005). However, the present two methods i.e., cluster and principal component analyses were found more appropriate and can better dig out the relationship between the genotypes of assorted origins.…”

Evolution of mustard (Brassica juncea Coss) subspecies in China: evidence from the chalcone synthase gene

“…Mustard (Brassica juncea), a species of the genus Brassica belonging to the family Brassicaceae, is an agriculturally and economically important crop widely cultivated in Asia and Europe (Warwick et al, 2006). All species of mustard are polyploids (AABB), with the chromosome number 2n = 36.…”

Progress in Genetic Manipulation of the Brassicaceae

“…Brassica vegetables contain little fat, and are sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Several species, e.g., Camelina sativa, Crambe abyssinica, Eruca vesicaria, have potential as new edible oil/protein crops, biodiesel fuel crops, or platforms for bioproducts or molecular farming (Warwick et al 2006). The family is also known for its more than 120 weedy species, several of which are important cosmopolitan agricultural weeds (e.g., wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis)), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) while others form crop-weed complexes (e.g., Raphanus sativus-Raphanus raphanistrum).…”