“…In addition, developing gSSR markers is complex, difficult, and costly (Wang et al, 2010). With the development of sequencing technology, ESTSSRs have been successfully applied in various crops, such as Gossypium (Wang et al, 2015), grape (Scott et al, 2000), coffee (Combes et al, 2000), rubber tree (Feng et al, 2009), and tomato (Zhou et al, 2015). Because there are few available public sequence databases for black pepper or closely related species, it is difficult to develop gSSR primers (Joy et al, 2011).…”