Development of environmentally friendly flame retardant to achieve low flammability for asphalt binder used in tunnel pavements

Sheng, Yanping; Wu, Yongchang; Yu, Yang; Jia, Haichuan; Qiao, Yunyan; Underwood, B. Shane; Niu, Dongyu; Kim, Y. Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120487

Cited by 60 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies have indicated the use of flame retardants to inhibit pyrolysis or delay ignition . APP, a typical phosphorus flame retardant, has a weight loss in 310–790 °C, covering nearly the whole temperature range of asphalt decomposition . The thermal decomposition of APP produces dehydrating polyphosphate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

Zhu,

Yang,

Lin

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Compounded aluminum hydroxide (ATH) flame retardants have been widely used for their low cost and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, previous research lacks a systematic and comprehensive comparison. In addition, the combustion characteristics and phase characterization of asphalt binders are not taken into account either. In this work, flame retardants, for instance, APP, Sb 2 O 3 , ZB, and LDHs, were compounded with ATH. The flame retardant behavior, together with the smoke suppression behavior, of asphalt binders with compounded flame retardants was determined by LOI and CCT. Furthermore, mechanisms on flame retardants were investigated. It was found that ATH compounded with ZB significantly reduced the heat smoke release and suppressed the formation of toxic volatiles during asphalt combustion. This was because ATH/ZB facilitated the formation of polyaromatic structures and improved the resistance of the char layer. ATH compounded with APP showed an antagonistic effect in the limiting oxygen test because the reaction between ATH and APP inhibited and delayed the decomposition of ATH during asphalt combustion with more aluminum phosphate presenting relatively poor barrier properties produced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

Zhu,

Yang,

Lin

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Tian et al [22] obtained a calculation formula for an unsupported span of a shallowly buried tunnel in the soft-rock layer. The research results are of great significance for optimizing the design of tunnel support structures and saving the amount of support materials required [23][24][25]. Zhang et al [26] analyzed various factors affecting the large deformation of soft-rock tunnels (i.e., mineral composition, joints and fractures, mechanical properties, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Energy-Absorbing Dampers to Solve the Problem of Large Deformation in Soft-Rock Tunnels: A Case Study

2022

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The commonly used strength design concept of tunnel support structures is inadequate to address the large deformation of soft rock. This study designed a series of energy-absorbing dampers (EDs) with low stiffness and high deformation capacity based on the energy principle. The ED was directly installed on the steel arch, which used its compression deformation to release the surrounding rock pressure and absorb the surrounding rock deformation to ensure the stability of the initial support structure. A compression test analyzed the ED’s mechanical properties, optimizing the structural parameters. The preliminary test results showed that the arc energy-absorbing damper’s (AED-I) peak strength (15.33 Mpa) was lower than the standard compressive strength of C25 shotcrete, with a safety factor of 1.63. The AED-I’s maximum compression ratio was 73.20%. To further improve the AED-I’s reliability and ability to absorb the deformation of surrounding rock, the bending radius of the AED-I’s energy-absorbing steel plate was reduced from 1800 mm to 1300 mm. After optimization, the AED-IO’s peak strength was reduced to 10.5 Mpa, and the safety factor increased to 2.38. The maximum compression ratio of the AED-IO also increased to 75.79%. The AED-IO has been applied to treat the large deformation of soft rock in the Zhongshao Tunnel on the Yuchu Expressway. Compared with a traditional support method, the maximum surrounding rock pressure was only 0.13 Mpa in the section where the AED-IO was applied. The maximum steel arch stress was 122.26 Mpa, far less than its uniaxial compressive strength. The application of the AED-IO ensures the stability of the initial support structure. Meanwhile, using an AED-IO saves CNY 24,323.85 per meter and reduces waste emissions by 20 tons.

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“…[ 5 ] Consequently, nontoxicity, high flame‐retarding efficiency, and eco‐friendliness have become requirements for the development of novel flame retardants. [ 6 ] Under such directives, multiple types of flame retardants have gained research interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosin‐Based Si/P‐Containing Flame Retardant Toward Enhanced Fire Safety Polyurethane Foam

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Development of environmentally friendly flame retardant to achieve low flammability for asphalt binder used in tunnel pavements

Cited by 60 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders

Using Energy-Absorbing Dampers to Solve the Problem of Large Deformation in Soft-Rock Tunnels: A Case Study

Rosin‐Based Si/P‐Containing Flame Retardant Toward Enhanced Fire Safety Polyurethane Foam

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