Development of Embroidery-Type Sensor Capable of Detecting Respiration Using the Capacitive Method

Abstract

This study presents a respiration sensor that is dependent on a parallel capacitor, including connection lines and electrodes embroidered on textiles. First, characterizations of the respiration capacitor using a silver thread, including a combination of porous Eco-flex simulating air in the lungs due to respiration, were evaluated using an LCR meter. Second, the effects of air gaps on the detection of respiration motions according to the change in electrode distance under pressure were presented. The data values were measured from 1 to 300 kHz using an LCR meter and dielectric test fixture. Third, actual breathing was examined in four patterns: normal breathing, deep breathing, hyperventilation, and apnea. The test was performed after fabricating a clothing-type breathing sensor. Finally, the change in capacitance for actual respiration was determined by wearing a clothing-type respiration sensor based on the data collected. The effectiveness of the respiration sensor was demonstrated by measuring it to discern all waveforms, cycles, and ranges associated with the breathing pattern.

Utilization of deep learning to classify resistance training exercises by the fabricated resistive stretch sensor

“…In practice, the sensors attached to the arm sleeve are covered by polyurethane (PU) films, which helps protect the sensor during use and washing on a daily basis without diminishing the performance of the sensors. 29…”

“…In practice, the sensors attached to the arm sleeve are covered by polyurethane (PU) films, which helps protect the sensor during use and washing on a daily basis without diminishing the performance of the sensors. 29 Responsiveness. The responsiveness of a stretch sensor reflects how fast its electrical resistance response is to the physical change (both stretching and relaxing state states).…”

Classification of Breathing Signals According to Human Motions by Combining 1D Convolutional Neural Network and Embroidered Textile Sensor

“…Furthermore, as confirmed by the cytotoxicity test conducted in accordance with the Biological evaluation of medical devices standard (DIN EN ISO 10993-5), there was no cellular damage observed. Therefore, this yarn can be safely used in everyday life without causing harm to the human body [ 16 ]. The connection lines that connect the connectors and electrodes were designed using a zigzag pattern, which minimizes the impact on tension when wearing the garment-type sensor.…”

“…One effective method for observing and tracking human actions is the use of wearable technology [ 1 , 4 ], which combines e-textiles with wearable devices [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In addition, clothing capable of measuring respiration using an embroidery-type sensor [ 16 ] can be manufactured in the same manner as general clothing; therefore, it is a promising technology.…”

Soft Microstructure Arrays: A Multifunctional Microsystem for Mass Transport, Energy Transformation, and Surface Manipulation

“…132 Strategies to improve resolution involve boosting the dielectric constant or modulating electrode gap changes under pressure. Flexible substrates like PDMS, 133 Ecoflex, 134 and PU 135 have been employed for this purpose.…”