Development of electrochemical capacitors incorporating processable polymer gel electrolytes

Ingram, Malcolm D.; Pappin, Amanda J.; Delalande, François; Poupard, D.; Terzulli, G.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10060-3

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Polypyrrole ͑PPy͒, as a kind of conducting polymer, has advantageous properties with respect to low cost, high conductivity, and high doping/ dedoping rate during charge/discharge. [10][11][12][13][14][15] However, it exhibits the disadvantage of a low cycle life because swelling and shrinkage may occur during doping/dedoping processes, thus leading to mechanical degradation of the electrodes and fading of electrochemical performance. 16,17 A combination of manganese oxide and conducting polymer appears interesting for supercapacitor electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Intercalated Layered Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite by a Delamination∕Reassembling Method and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance

Zhang

Yang

2009

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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A polypyrrole-intercalated layered manganese oxide nanocomposite ͑PPy-MnO 2 ͒ has been synthesized by a delamination/ reassembling process. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the basal spacing of the PPy-MnO 2 nanocomposite is 1.38 nm. The room-temperature conductivity of the PPy-MnO 2 nanocomposite is found to be 1.3 ϫ 10 −1 S/cm, which is 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine manganese oxide ͑6.1 ϫ 10 −6 S/cm͒. The improved specific capacitance of the PPy-MnO 2 nanocomposite ͑290 F/g͒ compared with that of the pristine manganese oxide ͑221 F/g͒ is attributed to a combination of the conductivity effect and the high specific capacitance of PPy. © 2009 The Electrochemical Society. ͓DOI: 10.1149/1.3082015͔ All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted September 29, 2008; revised manuscript received January 15, 2009. Published February 17, 2009 Electrochemical capacitors ͑or supercapacitors͒ are chargestorage devices which possess high power density, excellent reversibility, and long cycle life compared with batteries.1-4 Depending on their charge-storage mechanism, electrochemical capacitors are divided into electric double-layer capacitors ͑EDLCs͒ and pseudocapacitors. The energy-storage mechanism of EDLCs relies on the separation of charges at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte. Various carbonaceous materials ranging from amorphous carbons to carbon nanotubes have been used as electrode materials in EDLCs.2 In the case of pseudocapacitors, a faradaic process occurs in addition to a simple charge separation. Numerous metal oxides and conducting polymers have demonstrated qualifications as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors. Among these materials, hydrated ruthenium oxide exhibits remarkably high specific capacitance, as high as 1300 F/g, and excellent reversibility. 5,6 However, the high cost and the toxicity to the environment have limited its wide application. Therefore, much research interest has focused on other transition metal oxides. In this respect, manganese oxide is one of the most attractive candidates for electrochemical capacitor electrode materials because of its environmental friendliness and low cost.7-9 However, manganese oxide exhibits inferior specific capacitance and electrical conductivity to ruthenium oxide. Polypyrrole ͑PPy͒, as a kind of conducting polymer, has advantageous properties with respect to low cost, high conductivity, and high doping/ dedoping rate during charge/discharge. [10][11][12][13][14][15] However, it exhibits the disadvantage of a low cycle life because swelling and shrinkage may occur during doping/dedoping processes, thus leading to mechanical degradation of the electrodes and fading of electrochemical performance. 16,17 A combination of manganese oxide and conducting polymer appears interesting for supercapacitor electrodes. The resulting composite is expected to possess synergic properties from both components, such as enhancement in electrical conductivity or electrochemical cycling stability. Recently, Sivakkumar et al. pr...

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Intercalated Layered Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite by a Delamination∕Reassembling Method and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance

Zhang

Yang

2009

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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“…In Europe, relevant publications include, for instance, the following: [347–354] from France, [341, 355, 356] from Germany, [344, 346, 357–360] from Italy, [361, 362] from Poland and France, [363] from Switzerland, [364, 365] from the UK and [366] from Ukraine. For reviews see, for example those by Conway (Canada) [367], by Mastragostino et al (Italy) [346] and by Burke and Miller (USA) [368].…”

Section: Functional Materials and Solid State Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

Funke¹

2013

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

142

102

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Solid State Ionics has its roots essentially in Europe. First foundations were laid by Michael Faraday who discovered the solid electrolytes Ag2S and PbF2 and coined terms such as cation and anion, electrode and electrolyte. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the main lines of development toward Solid State Ionics, pursued in Europe, concerned the linear laws of transport, structural analysis, disorder and entropy and the electrochemical storage and conversion of energy. Fundamental contributions were then made by Walther Nernst, who derived the Nernst equation and detected ionic conduction in heterovalently doped zirconia, which he utilized in his Nernst lamp. Another big step forward was the discovery of the extraordinary properties of alpha silver iodide in 1914. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the concept of point defects was established by Yakov Il'ich Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner. In terms of point defects, ionic (and electronic) transport in ionic crystals became easy to visualize. In an ‘evolving scheme of materials science’, point disorder precedes structural disorder, as displayed by the AgI-type solid electrolytes (and other ionic crystals), by ion-conducting glasses, polymer electrolytes and nano-composites. During the last few decades, much progress has been made in finding and investigating novel solid electrolytes and in using them for the preservation of our environment, in particular in advanced solid state battery systems, fuel cells and sensors. Since 1972, international conferences have been held in the field of Solid State Ionics, and the International Society for Solid State Ionics was founded at one of them, held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1987.

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“…Recently many papers reported that polypyrrole can be used as the electrode material for supercapacitors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Ingram and coworkers [13][14][15] suggested that during the oxidation process polypyrrole becomes p-doped material and one additional electron can be removed for every third monomer unit in the chain. Seven electrons were removed for every three monomer units, and the residual positive charge on the polymer is balanced by the negative charges of dopant anions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the capacitive behavior of the PPy electrode only appears when the electrode was very thin (ca. 1 lm in thick) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-polypyrrole supercapacitor arrays prepared by layer-by-layer assembling method in anodic aluminum oxide templates

Liu

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2005

J Solid State Electrochem

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A novel method for preparing nano-supercapacitor arrays, in which each nano-supercapacitor consisted of electropolymerized Polypyrrole (PPy) electrode / porous TiO 2 separator / chemical polymerized PPy electrode, was developed in this paper. The nanosupercapacitors were fabricated in the nano array pores of anodic aluminum oxide template using the bottom-up, layer-by-layer synthetic method. The nano-supercapacitor diameter was 80 nm, and length 500 nm. Based on the charge/discharge behavior of nano-supercapacitor arrays, it was found that the PPy/TiO 2 /PPy array supercapacitor devices performed typical electrochemical supercapacitor behavior. The method introduced here may find application in manufacturing nano-sized electrochemical power storage devices in the future for their use in the area of microelectronic devices and microelectromechanical systems.

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Development of electrochemical capacitors incorporating processable polymer gel electrolytes

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Intercalated Layered Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite by a Delamination∕Reassembling Method and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance

Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Intercalated Layered Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite by a Delamination∕Reassembling Method and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

Nano-polypyrrole supercapacitor arrays prepared by layer-by-layer assembling method in anodic aluminum oxide templates

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