“…Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are general-purpose process equipment for heat exchange operations, widely used in chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, electric power, light industry, metallurgy, atomic energy, shipbuilding, aviation, heating, and other industrial sectors, especially in petroleum refining and chemical processing equipment; it occupies an extremely important position. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers always occupy a dominant position of about 70% in heat exchange equipment due to its adaptability to temperature, pressure, medium, durability, and economy [1]. Therefore, the design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers is highly valued by industrialized countries in the world.…”