“…One popular regeneration technique is thermal regeneration by use of an upstream electric heater. Arai and Miyashita (1990) and Igarashi et al (1991) described the development of a filter system using an electric heater, which draws electricity from the vehicle battery, heating the exhaust flow to initiate regeneration. However, due to the high exhaust flow rate, this system still faces difficulty in raising the exhaust temperature above the temperature necessary for regeneration.…”