Development of combined-supramolecular microextraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry procedures for ultra-trace analysis of carbaryl in water, fruits and vegetables

Supramolecular solvents: a review of a modern innovation in liquid-phase microextraction technique

“…Alkanol-based preparation of SUPRASs, are generally long-chain alcohols used as amphiphiles in the aqueous media (water-miscible solvents), such as tetrahydrofuran. spontaneously the alkanols from reverse micelles through the self-assembly method resulting in the construction of SUPRASs [ 114 , 138 , 139 ] due to the self-assembly at the censorious accumulation of the amphiphilic molecules [ 139 ]. The accumulation is not produced at a concentration below the censorious accumulation, and subsequently, inadequate and ineffective extraction arises.…”

“…The accumulation is not produced at a concentration below the censorious accumulation, and subsequently, inadequate and ineffective extraction arises. On the other side, high amphiphiles concentration has been used to make the equal ratio of water in the ternary assortment (amphiphiles/THF/water) partially soluble and less efficient [ 138 ]. The aqueous cavities are designed in the SUPRASs when the hydroxyl group of alkanols (act as polar) of amphiphilic molecules surround the aqueous media with the non-polar hydrocarbons chain was interacting with the THF [ 114 ].…”

“…THF plays dual characteristics throughout the formation of SUPRASs. It causes the distribution of the amphiphiles in the sample and supports their self-assembly [ 138 ]. The alkanol-based SUPRASs are highly efficient for extracting organic pollutants, including food, pesticides, and environmental samples [ 140 , 141 ].…”

“…A relatively good extraction percentage was obtained about 81.3% to 105.9%. ALOthman et al [ 138 ] proposed alkanol-based SUPRAS using THF/heptanol and water for the selective microextraction of carbaryl pesticides from the fruit, vegetables, and water. The proposed method has been successfully applied to extract carbaryl pesticides, and the extracted sample has been diluted with ethanol before the analysis by the UPLC-MS/MS.…”

Electrochemical Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles in a Single Step for Carbaryl Detection in Water

“…Chromatography is frequently used to identify the presence of insecticides such as carbaryl in water and soil samples. Among the most often and recently used types of chromatography are chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy [ 5 , 6 ], gas chromatography (GC) [ 7 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 8 ] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 9 ]. However, there are several limitations to these methods, including: they are time-consuming; significant quantities of solvents are consumed; and precise extraction and cleaning procedures are required, making them complex and consequently inadequate for routine field operation.…”