Development of CO2 for polymer foam applications

Tomasko, David L.; Burley, Adam; Feng, Lijuan; Yeh, Shu‐Kai; Miyazono, Koki; Nirmal-Kumar, Sharath; Kusaka, Isamu; Koelling, Kurt W.

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2008.10.018

Cited by 126 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3] Furthermore, the steady increase of oil prices in recent years has led to an increase of plastic costs. Producing plastic foams can thus be an alternative to decrease the amount of resin used, as long as foams keep acceptable mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂

Urbanczyk

Alexandre

Detrembleur

et al. 2010

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Supercritical CO2 has been used as a blowing agent to foam poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)‐based materials in a single screw extruder specially adapted to allow fluid injection. The cellular morphology depends on foaming temperature, more regular cells being obtained with decreasing extrusion temperature. In a second step, a natural and an organomodified nanoclay have been added for the purpose of imparting some flame resistance to the foamed material. The filler efficiency in reducing sample combustion rate appeared to be dependent on its delamination level inside the matrix and better results were obtained when the organomodified clay was first delaminated in the polymer in an efficient twin screw extruder using water assistance, prior to foaming in the single screw extruder.magnified image

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂

Urbanczyk

Alexandre

Detrembleur

et al. 2010

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon dioxide appears as a non-hazardous and environmental friendly supercritical fluid. It is used as solvent in microelectronic applications (Weibel and Ober 2003), in polymer foam applications (Tomasko et al 2009), in the manufacture of fibres, microparticles and films (Davies et al 2008). Supercritical CO 2 applications in food industry include extraction, fractionation, refinement and deodorization of lipids or essential oils (Sahena et al 2009).…”

Section: Technological Importance Of Dark Fermentation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark fermentation biorefinery in the present and future (bio)chemical industry

Bastidas‐Oyanedel

Bonk

Thomsen

et al. 2015

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dark fermentation, also known as acidogenesis, involves the transformation of a wide range of organic substrates into a mixture of products, e.g. acetic acid, butyric acid and hydrogen. This bioprocess occurs in the absence of oxygen and light. The ability to synthesize hydrogen, by dark fermentation, has raised its scientific attention. Hydrogen is a nonpolluting energy carrier molecule. However, for energy generation, there is a variety of other sustainable alternatives to hydrogen energy, e.g. solar, wind, tide, hydroelectric, biomass incineration, or nuclear fission. Nevertheless, dark fermentation appears as an important sustainable process in another area: the synthesis of valuable chemicals, i.e. an alternative to petrochemical refinery. Currently, acetic acid, butyric acid and hydrogen are mostly produced by petrochemical reforming, and they serve as precursors of ubiquitous petrochemical derived products. Hence, the future of dark fermentation relies as a core bioprocess in the biorefinery concept. The present article aims to present and discuss the current and future status of dark fermentation in the biorefinery concept. The first half of the article presents the metabolic pathways, product yields and its technological importance, microorganisms responsible for mixed dark fermentation, and operational parameters, e.g. substrates, pH, temperature and head-space composition, which affect dark fermentation. The minimal selling price of dark fermentation products is also presented in this section. The second half discusses the perspectives and future of dark fermentation as a core bioprocess. The relationship of dark fermentation with other (bio)processes, e.g. liquid fuels and fine chemicals, algae cultivation, biomethane-biohythane-biosyngas production, and syngas fermentation, is then explored.

show abstract

“…Th e amount of CO 2 injected into the polymer is usually far below the solubility of CO 2 to avoid phase separation prior to nucleation, and the time of residence of the polymer melt-CO 2 mixture in the extruder and mixer is very short [72,77,78].…”

Section: Extrusion Assisted By Supercritical Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Polyoxymethylene Processing

Pielichowska¹

2014

Polyoxymethylene Handbook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this chapter major issues of polyoxymethylene (POM) and its nanocomposites processing are presented. Diff erent processing methods-injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, melt blowing, compression molding, rolling, sintering and spinning-as well as fabrication of highly oriented products, waste recycling, machining and assembling of moldings and semi-fi nished parts are described in regard to POM, which is an important engineering polymer used as structural material in all industrial sectors. However, processing of POM requires special attention since this polymer undergoes facile decomposition with evolution of formaldehyde. Some of the processing methods are for POM at infancy stage, such as electrospinning, due to poor solubility of this polymer in common solvents. Only recently has the successful electrospinning of polyoxymethylene nanofi bers with porous surface using a hexafl uoroisopropanol (HFIP)-based solvent been reported on. Polyoxymethylene types include impact modifi ed, fi lled and reinforced polymers in a wide range of sorts-this diversity may cause some problems during recycling by recompounding and remelting where extensive POM decomposition should be avoided because of formaldehyde release.

show abstract

Development of CO2 for polymer foam applications

Cited by 126 publications

References 29 publications

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂

Dark fermentation biorefinery in the present and future (bio)chemical industry

Polyoxymethylene Processing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Development of CO2 for polymer foam applications

Cited by 126 publications

References 29 publications

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO2

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO2

Dark fermentation biorefinery in the present and future (bio)chemical industry

Polyoxymethylene Processing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂

Extrusion Foaming of Poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Supercritical CO₂