Development of Camera Technology for Monitoring Nests

Cox, W. Andrew; Pruett, M. Shane; Benson, Thomas J.; Chiavacci, Scott J.; Thompson, Frank R.

doi:10.1525/california/9780520273139.003.0015

Cited by 97 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Techniques such as camera traps have greatly enhanced our capacity to monitor a larger number of nests without substantial investments in people and money (Cox et al 2012). Furthermore, such monitoring can provide data on parental care and nestling survivorship, which is key for conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation implications of harpy eagle Harpia harpyja predation patterns

Miranda¹

2015

Endang. Species. Res.

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Knowledge of the food habits of threatened taxa is key for their effective conservation, especially in top predators where prey species are frequently also hunted by humans. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is the largest living eagle, and is considered Near Threatened by the IUCN. Its main threats are persecution by humans and habitat loss. Predation patterns of this species have been the subject of several descriptive studies, each reflecting the idiosyncrasies of the study area. Systematizing these data permits a transition from descriptive treatments of harpy food habits to a predictive focus, based on defensive prey strategies and foraging theory. This generates information that can enhance management and conservation decisions. Literature data were summarized and standardized, allowing comparison between studies. Results indicate that harpy eagles feed mainly on sloths and other prey with passive antipredator strategies, with sloths accounting for 50% of prey items and biomass consumed. Large monkeys such as howlers (Alouatta spp.) and capuchins (Sapajus and Cebus spp.) are the next most important prey, but combined, primates form only ~20% of the consumed prey biomass. Predation seldom occurs on animals weighing more than 5 kg. This is positive from a conservation point of view, since sloths are not game species, precluding competition between harpy eagles and subsistence hunting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation implications of harpy eagle Harpia harpyja predation patterns

Miranda¹

2015

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…Cameras have become popular tools in the field of avian ecology as they can dramatically reduce researcher impacts on behavior and monitor animals in remote locations [3,5]. However, many of these studies have been hampered by small sample sizes, where few have studied more than 100 nests [5], limiting the biological inferences that could be made due to these limited sample sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effectiveness of Crowd Sourcing Avian Nesting Video Analysis at Wildlife@Home

Desell

Goehner

Andes

et al. 2015

Procedia Computer Science

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Wildlife@Home is citizen science project developed to provide wildlife biologists a way to swiftly analyze the massive quantities of data that they can amass during video surveillance studies. The project has been active for two years, with over 200 volunteers who have participated in providing observations through a web interface where they can stream video and report the occurrences of various events within that video. Wildlife@Home is currently analyzing avian nesting video from three species: Sharptailed-Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) an indicator species which plays a role in determining the effect of North Dakota's oil development on the local wildlife, Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) a federally listed endangered species, and Piping Plover (Charadrius Melodus) a federally listed threatened species. Video comes from 105 grouse, 61 plover and 37 tern nests from multiple nesting seasons, and consists of over 85,000 hours (13 terabytes) of 24/7 uncontrolled outdoor surveillance video. This work describes the infrastructure supporting this citizen science project, and examines the effectiveness of two different interfaces for crowd sourcing: a simpler interface where users watch short clips of video and report if an event occurred within that video, and a more involved interface where volunteers can watch entire videos and provide detailed event information including beginning and ending times for events. User observations are compared against expert observations made by wildlife biology research assistants, and are shown to be quite effective given strategies used in the project to promote accuracy and correctness.

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“…Some examples include oil/gas exploration [16], rural geographical surveying [17], astronomy observing in remote area [18], video surveillance for wildlife behavioral studies [19] and epidemic monitoring (e.g., Ebola) in Africa. While satellite/microwave based transmission has been used in some cases, it can cost over thousands of dollars per month with very limited network bandwidth [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards sustainable in-situ server systems in the big data era

Liu

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture

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Recent years have seen an explosion of data volumes from a myriad of distributed sources such as ubiquitous cameras and various sensors. The challenges of analyzing these geographically dispersed datasets are increasing due to the significant data movement overhead, time-consuming data aggregation, and escalating energy needs. Rather than constantly move a tremendous amount of raw data to remote warehouse-scale computing systems for processing, it would be beneficial to leverage in-situ server systems (InS) to pre-process data, i.e., bringing computation to where the data is located.This paper takes the first step towards designing server clusters for data processing in the field. We investigate two representative in-situ computing applications, where data is normally generated from environmentally sensitive areas or remote places that lack established utility infrastructure. These very special operating environments of in-situ servers urge us to explore standalone (i.e., off-grid) systems that offer the opportunity to benefit from local, self-generated energy sources. In this work we implement a heavily instrumented proof-ofconcept prototype called InSURE: in-situ server systems using renewable energy. We develop a novel energy buffering mechanism and a unique joint spatio-temporal power management strategy to coordinate standalone power supplies and in-situ servers. We present detailed deployment experiences to quantify how our design fits with in-situ processing in the real world. Overall, InSURE yields 20%~60% improvements over a stateof-the-art baseline. It maintains impressive control effectiveness in under-provisioned environment and can economically scale along with the data processing needs. The proposed design is well complementary to today's grid-connected cloud data centers and provides competitive cost-effectiveness.

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Development of Camera Technology for Monitoring Nests

Abstract: cinematic food-recorder" which automatically triggered photographs of prey in the bills of Great Tits (Parus major) each time they perched on a trigger mechanism at the entrance of their nest-box. In the subsequent 50 years, ornithologists have employed

Cited by 97 publications

References 232 publications

Conservation implications of harpy eagle Harpia harpyja predation patterns

Conservation implications of harpy eagle Harpia harpyja predation patterns

On the Effectiveness of Crowd Sourcing Avian Nesting Video Analysis at Wildlife@Home

Towards sustainable in-situ server systems in the big data era

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