Development of Bio-Active Patches Based on Pectin for the Treatment of Ulcers and Wounds Using 3D-Bioprinting Technology

Abstract

Biodegradable 3D-printable inks based on pectin have been developed as a system for direct and indirect wound-dressing applications, suitable for 3D printing technologies. The 3D-printable inks formed free-standing transparent films upon drying, with the latter exhibiting fast disintegration upon contact with aqueous media. The antimicrobial and wound-healing activities of the inks have been successfully enhanced by the addition of particles, comprised of chitosan and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with propolis extract. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of the inks (extrusion-printing pressure, shrinkage minimization over-drying, increased water uptake and minimization of the disintegration of the dry patches upon contact with aqueous media). Particles comprised of chitosan and cyclodextrin/propolis extract inclusion complexes (CCP), bearing antimicrobial properties, were optimized and integrated with the produced inks. The bioprinted patches were assessed for their cytocompatibility, antimicrobial activity and in vitro wound-healing properties. These studies were complemented with ex vivo skin adhesion measurements, a relative surface hydrophobicity and opacity measurement, mechanical properties, visualization, and spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro wound-healing studies revealed that the 3D-bioprinted patches enhanced the in vitro wound-healing process, while the incorporation of CCP further enhanced wound-healing, as well as the antimicrobial activity of the patches.

3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery Devices

“…This may have been due to the presence of insoluble film material in the higher concentrations of CPP, which could physically obstruct the cells. Overall, this study was able to effectively show the potential for use of biodegradable, 3D printable inks for fabrication of direct and indirect wound dressings [12].…”

Oral Drug Delivery Systems Based on Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Modulating the Release of Aprepitant

“…However, cell cultures incubated with MCM-48 particles ( Figure 11 C) demonstrated a slight inhibition of cell growth ( t -test, p > 0.05) for particles concentration of 100 and 500 μg/mL, an indication that these materials might be considered potentially cytotoxic at these concentrations (ISO 10993-5). Importantly, this effect does not seem to be dose-dependent, and could be attributed to mechanical obstruction of the materials to cell proliferation potential [ 34 , 35 ]. The results obtained in the current study are in good agreement with previous studies where ordered mesoporous silica did not exhibit any toxicity when tested in Caco-2 cell lines [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

3d Printing of Pharmaceuticals – Leading Trend in Pharmaceutical Industry and Future Perspectives

“…Controlled release of simvastatin through the system for at least 20 days is able to cause bone healing and repairing [63]. A research study effectively proved the efficiency of the system using pectin-based bio-ink to build 3D-bioprinted wound dressings with sufficient antimicrobial activity [64].…”