Development of Behavior Patterns and Myelinization of Tracts in the Nervous System

Langworthy, Orthello R.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1932.02240060124007

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, when cortical potentials and ABRs were obtained from the same population of premature infants, the cortical potentials usually appeared earlier (Starr et al 1977 ) . These observations are puzzling in light of the observations that myelination does not occur in brain stem pathways until after the 26th-28th weeks and, more pertinent, does not occur in thalamocortical projections until after the 40th week of development (Langworthy 1933 ;Yakolev and Lecours 1967 ;Kinney et al 1988 ) . The most likely explanation for this phenomenon is cortical excitation through RAS pathways arising within the core of the brain stem.…”

Section: Structure-function Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Development of the Auditory Nervous System

Eggermont

Moore

2011

Human Auditory Development

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Section: Structure-function Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Development of the Auditory Nervous System

Eggermont

Moore

2011

Human Auditory Development

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“…This has been observed in vivo in the superior colliculus of young mice after removal of one eye (De Long and Sidman, 1962) and in vitro by stimulating glial cell proliferation following the adding of neurons (Gasser and Hatten, 1990). However, there are no obvious reason that would explain the observed differences in the dynamics of myelinization in central visual and central auditory nuclei of various mammals, including humans (Langworthy, 1933).…”

Section: Cns Auditory and Visual Nuclei Growth In Gerbilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If, indeed, each nucleus follows the developmental dynamics of the brain region in which it is located, the auditory structures within the rhombencephalon would grow faster than those in the mesencephalon and diencephalon. The idea that there is sequential maturation throughout the ascending central auditory system gets some support from the observation that myelinization in the central auditory system progresses sequentially from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory cortex (Langworthy, 1933).…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth of central nervous system auditory and visual nuclei in the postnatal gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Rübsamen

Gutowski

Langkau

et al. 1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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The objective of the present study was, by using the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as an animal model, to provide data on the growth dynamics of central auditory and visual nuclei and to relate the growth of these structures to the growth of the entire brain. So far, no such systematic study has been performed in any mammalian species. The knowledge of the rates of development of central nervous sensory structures might be useful for understanding the contribution of the central nervous system to maturation of sensory processing. Increases in volumes of nuclei and changes in their shape were analyzed for animals at the day of birth (P0); at postnatal days P7, P15, P22, P28; and in the third month (P90). The auditory nuclei investigated were the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex, the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, the inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body. From the visual system, the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate body were studied. At P15 (shortly after the onset of central auditory responsiveness), the volumes of all auditory nuclei examined reached only 60-70% of their adult sizes; i.e., they showed considerable growth afterwards. At the same time (shortly before the animals open their eyes), the visual nuclei had almost reached their adult sizes (superior colliculus, 91%; lateral geniculate nucleus, 97%). These data demonstrate that different sensory nuclei contribute in highly different fashions to brain growth. There are system-specific differences in growth dynamics between central auditory and visual nuclei. However, the absolute growth of nuclei in both sensory systems relates to the brain regions. The data do not support the idea of a peripheral-to-central gradient in the growth of central auditory nuclei.

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“…Myelination of the brain begins during the fifth fetal month from caudal to cephalad, proceeds rapidly until about 2 years of age and continues to myelinate well into the third and fourth decades of life [Flechsig, 1901;Langworthy, 1933]. For the vestibular nerve fibers, myelination begins at the 20th fetal week, with the vestibular nerves myelinated at birth [Barkovich, 2005].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Preterm Neonates

Wang

Chen²,

Hsieh

et al. 2007

Audiol Neurotol

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Our recent study successfully recorded vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) responses in full-term newborns. However, when VEMP responses are elicited in preterm neonates remains unclear. This study employed the VEMP test in 27 low-risk preterm and 25 healthy full-term neonates without sedation to investigate the development of VEMP response after birth. Fourteen (26%) of 54 ears in preterm neonates exhibited VEMP responses, a response rate significantly lower than that of full-term neonates (72%). The mean latencies of peaks p13 and n23 in the preterm group were significantly longer than those in the full-term group. Analysis of variable parameters for present VEMPs in pre- and full-term neonates revealed that the cutoff values of body weight were 2.26 and 2.82 kg, and that those of postmenstrual age were 37.1 and 38.4 weeks, respectively. Both body weight and postmenstrual age were significantly negatively correlated with p13 and n23 latencies but not with p13-n23 amplitude. In conclusion, present VEMPs can be anticipated when the body weight of pre- and full-term neonates reaches >2.26 and 2.82 kg, respectively. It indicates that the sacculocollic reflex develops in the same manner, but the difference in response rate between full- and pre-term neonates may, at least in part, correlate with muscle bulk and strength, relative to the body weight adequate for the VEMP response.

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Development of Behavior Patterns and Myelinization of Tracts in the Nervous System

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Morphological and Functional Development of the Auditory Nervous System

Morphological and Functional Development of the Auditory Nervous System

Growth of central nervous system auditory and visual nuclei in the postnatal gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Development of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Preterm Neonates

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