Development of Antimicrobial Active Food Packaging Film Based on Gelatin/Dialdehyde Quince Seed Gum Incorporated with Apple Peel Polyphenols

Waste to Wealth Approach: Improved Antimicrobial Properties in Bioactive Hydrogels through Humic Substance–Gelatin Chemical Conjugation

“…The growth of amide A band (3200–3500 cm –1 , Figure ) might indicate that EDC cross-linking increases the number of bound NH moieties because of the formation of iso-peptide bonds between the amine groups of gelatin and the activated carboxylic acid groups of either HS or the glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin. ,, These findings are in accordance with the increase in the relative intensity of the main absorption band at 3300 cm –1 with respect to the shoulder at 3280 cm –1 , which might reflect the decrease in primary −NH 2 groups and, therefore, and their conversion into −NH groups because of amide bond formation. Furthermore, the growth of amide I band intensity in EDC-modified gels could indicate an increase in C=O and N–H bond strength, resulting from new covalent bonds in the polymer, thus further supporting the occurrence of chemical cross-linking in EDC-treated samples. ,, Moreover, further evidence to the formation of amide groups is provided by the growth of the peak at 1680 cm –1 . Finally, a blue shift is observed in amide A, amide I, and amide II bands of chemical gels, suggesting that fewer hydrogen bonds can be established in the samples, as some NH groups could be involved in amide bond formation.…”

“… 38 , 57 , 58 Moreover, further evidence to the formation of amide groups is provided by the growth of the peak at 1680 cm –1 . 59 Finally, a blue shift is observed in amide A, amide I, and amide II bands of chemical gels, suggesting that fewer hydrogen bonds can be established in the samples, as some NH groups could be involved in amide bond formation. These features are more evident in Gel HS samples at high HS content (Gel HS 16-EDC), suggesting that the HS might contribute to chemical cross-linking through amide bond formation.…”

Phenolic Compounds in Active Packaging and Edible Films/Coatings: Natural Bioactive Molecules and Novel Packaging Ingredients

“…Polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids are the major classes of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial action. Numerous naturally occurring phenolic compounds that are present in various plant sources such as fruits (apple, grape, pomegranate, and orange); vegetables (cabbage and onion); herbs (garlic, oregano, thyme, and rosemary); and spices (pepper, cardamom, and clove) have been documented to have antimicrobial properties [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Although the efficacy of natural antimicrobials has been demonstrated in laboratory settings, challenges remain in ensuring their effectiveness in practical applications for foods under different environmental conditions [ 51 ].…”

Ecofriendly quince peel powder incorporated Polylactic acid biocomposite film

“…24 Quince, which is a valuable seasonal fruit grown mainly in West Asian countries, especially native of Iran and Trans-Caucasia, the production of which is estimated to be 696,861 tons in 2020, has variable dimensions of 10-12 cm in diameter, asymmetrical shapes and golden yellow in colour. [24][25][26][27] It was reported that the composition of the quince fruit is 90.6% pulp and 5.5% core with seeds, while the peel covered with abundant hairs disappeared with fruit ripening was 4.4%. 25 The pulp of quince is used in processed sweet food products such as jelly, jam, or marmalade, while the seeds in the production of hair-fixing lotions as emulsifying agent.…”