Waste to Wealth Approach: Improved Antimicrobial Properties in Bioactive Hydrogels through Humic Substance–Gelatin Chemical Conjugation

Venezia, Virginia; Verrillo, Mariavittoria; Avallone, Pietro Renato; Silvestri, Brigida; Cangemi, Silvana; Pasquino, Rossana; Grizzuti, Nino; Spaccini, Riccardo; Luciani, Giuseppina

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00143

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay [ 40 , 41 ]. Absorbances were measured at 765 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex

Verrillo,

Cianciullo,

Cozzolino

et al. 2024

Plants

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The development of new natural antibiotics is considered as the heart of several investigations in the nutraceutical field. In this work, leaves of Quercus ilex L. treated by tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, exhibited a clear antimicrobial efficacy against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (two gram-positive and three gram-negative). Under controlled conditions, it was studied how simulated N deposition influences the response to O3 and the antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and antioxidant performance. The extraction was performed by ultra-pure acetone using two different steps. A higher antioxidant activity was measured in the presence of interaction between O3 and N treatments on Quercus leaves. At the same time, all organic extracts tested have shown bacteriostatic activity against all the tested strains with a MIC comprised between 9 and 4 micrograms/mL, and a higher antioxidant efficacy shown by spectrophotometric assay. Stronger antimicrobial activity was found in the samples treated with O3, whereas N-treated plants exhibited an intermediate antibacterial performance. This performance is related to the stimulation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system induced by the oxidative stress, which results in an increase in the production of antimicrobial bioactive compounds.

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“…Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay [ 40 , 41 ]. Absorbances were measured at 765 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex

Verrillo,

Cianciullo,

Cozzolino

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Gelatin, a byproduct of meat production, is a natural peptide macromolecule hydrolyzed by collagen and is considered safe by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [30]. It is one of the most commonly used biopolymers in synthetic hydrogels, and researchers have combined it with humus to obtain 3D hydrogels with signi cantly improved bactericidal effects [31,32]. Potassium humate (KHA) and gelatin (Gel) can be used as raw materials, and acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and potassium persulfate (KPS) can be added to prepare pHsensitive HA hydrogels by aqueous polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pH-Triggered self-releaseing humic acids hydrogels loaded with porcine interferon α/γ achieves anti-PRV effects by oral administration

Sun,

Shi,

Lei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Interferon α (IFNα) and interferon γ (IFNγ) are cytokines that mediate important biological functions, including antiviral activity and immune regulation. However, the function of monomer IFN was limited and the administration route completely depends on injection. To solve this problem, recombinant porcine IFN-α and IFN-γ fusion protein (rPoIFNα/γ) was expressed, purified, and used to develop an effective oral rPoIFNα/γ humic acid hydrogel delivery system triggered by pH to protect the IFNα/γ from gastric acid destruction. Neither the humic acid hydrogel nor rPoIFNα/γ showed cytotoxicity in vitro for porcine kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. rPoIFNα/γ inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), with an antiviral activity of approximately 104 U/mL. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the humic acid (HA) hydrogel had a loose and porous honeycomb structure. rPoIFNα/γ was adsorbed by the hydrogel (IFNα/γ@PAMgel) and measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the results indicated a good IFN-loading effect. In vitro experiments showed that IFNα/γ@PAMgel swelled and released the IFNα/γ rapidly at pH 7.4 but not at pH 1.2. Mice oral administered IFNα/γ@PAMgel had enhanced proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, whereas mice infected with PRV and treated with IFNα/γ@PAMgel had increased interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) transcription levels in the serum, lower mortality, lower viral loads in different tissues, and lower levels of organ damage. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that oral administered IFNα/γ@PAMgel has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects and is a potential antiviral agent for PRV infection.

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“…The typical composition of HA includes high proportions of ionizable phenol and carboxyl groups, containing also quinones as well as sugar and peptide residues . Some reports have mentioned that the addition of HA to hydrogels can beneficially modulate their mechanical behavior. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Some reports have mentioned that the addition of HA to hydrogels can beneficially modulate their mechanical behavior. 25,26 Combining PVA frameworks with HA molecules seems to be a convenient alternative to form a multifunctional material for agricultural purposes. However, few studies have dealt with this approach.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physically and Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Humic Acid Hydrogels for Agricultural Applications

Torres-Figueroa,

de los Santos-Villalobos,

Rodríguez-Félix

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The preparation method of hydrogels has a significant effect on their structural and physicochemical properties. In this report, physically and chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) networks containing humic acid (HA) were alternatively prepared by autoclaving (AC) and through glutaraldehyde (GA) addition, respectively, for agricultural purposes. PVA/HA hydrogels were comparatively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical assays, scanning electron microscopy, swelling kinetics measurements, and water retention tests in soil. AC hydrogels showed a more homogeneous porous microstructure, higher swelling levels, and a better capacity to preserve the humidity of soil than those obtained by adding GA. Both PVA/HA hydrogels exhibited no phytotoxicity on cultivation trials of Sorghum sp., but the plant growth was promoted with the GA-cross-linked network as compared to the effect of the AC sample. The release behavior of urea was modified according to the preparation method of the PVA/HA hydrogels. After 3 days of sustained urea release, 91% of the fertilizer was delivered from the AC hydrogel, whereas a lower amount of 56% was released for the GA-cross-linked hydrogel. Beyond the advantages of applying PVA/HA hydrogels in the agricultural field, an appropriate method of preparing these materials endows them with specific properties according to the requirements of the target crop.

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Waste to Wealth Approach: Improved Antimicrobial Properties in Bioactive Hydrogels through Humic Substance–Gelatin Chemical Conjugation

Cited by 14 publications

References 85 publications

Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex

Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex

A pH-Triggered self-releaseing humic acids hydrogels loaded with porcine interferon α/γ achieves anti-PRV effects by oral administration

Physically and Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Humic Acid Hydrogels for Agricultural Applications

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