Development of Antibacterial and Hemostatic PCL/Zein/ZnO‐Quaternary Ammonium Salts NPs Composite Mats as Wound Dressings

Abstract

Wound dressings are usually employed to maintain suitable conditions around the injured skin to accelerate wound healing. This paper aims to report functional composite dressings combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, self-assembly zein coating and modified ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for wound management. The synthetic compounds and prepared composite dressings are characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the water vapor transmission rate, hemostatic performance, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility of the composite dressings are systematically tested to evaluate their applicability in wound treatment. The results show that the multilayer dressings can retain moisture and prevent excessive dehydration of wound. In vitro hemostatic test is conducted, and the enhanced blood clotting capacity and the activation of platelets indicate that the desired dressings are able to control hemorrhaging from wound. Meanwhile, the composite dressings with excellent biocidal efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (6.01 Log within 30 min) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 (6.04 Log within 30 min) can effectively prevent wound infection. Furthermore, the dressings show no toxicity which are evidenced in hemolysis and cytocompatibility evaluation, and have potential application for wound healing.

Degradable Hemostatic Antibacterial Zein Nanofibrous Mats as Anti‐Adhesive Wound Dressing

“…SPODA-modified TiO 2 improved the dispersion of the nanoparticles in chloroform due to the presence of the long chain alkyl group in such quaternary ammonium compounds. [27,28] As displayed in Figure 3a, TiO 2 -SPODA nanoparticles uniformly covered the zein nanofibers surface, even the surfaces inside the nanofibrous mats. The spot elemental mappings displayed the distribution of C, N, O, Si, and Ti in Figure 3a, respectively, and further confirmed the uniformity of TiO 2 -SPODA coating.…”

“…It is recommended that the appropriate WVTR range for wound dressings is from 2000 mL m −2 per day to 2500 mL m −2 per day to ensure optimal wound healing. [27,37] As shown in Figure 5a The hemolytic activity of cross-linked zein and zein/TiO 2 -SPODA mats was assessed to characterize their compatibility with red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis rates less than 5% are considered to be acceptable, and a lower hemolysis rate represents a better hemocompatibility.…”

“…Antibacterial Assay: The antibacterial efficiencies of cross-linked zein and zein/TiO 2 -SPODA nanofibrous mats against Gram-positive S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43 895) were evaluated according to the reported methods with a slight modification. [27,28] Briefly, 20 μL of bacterial suspension (10 6 CFU mL −1 ) was sandwiched between two nanofibrous mats (2.54 cm × 2.54 cm) to ensure effective contact. After contact times of 60 and 120 min, the sandwich configuration formed by bacterial suspension and nanofibrous mats was soaked in 5 mL of aseptic PBS solution and vortexed for 250 s to resuspend all bacteria.…”

Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration

“…In the study of Wang and colleagues, chitosan coats’ effectiveness, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity in surgical wounds were evaluated and compared with regular gauze dressing [ 120 ]. The comparative analysis of the cytolytic activity of WS1 fibroblasts incubated with either negative control or chitosan dressing did not show a significant difference, indicating its great biocompatibility.…”

In situ biosynthetic BC/zeolite hybrid hemostat for quick clot

“…The blood clotting index (BCI) was used to evaluate the hemostatic performance of samples. 29 Before testing, the circular samples (Diameter = 1.5 cm) were placed in Petri dishes (Ф = 90 mm) and preheated at 37 C for 5 min. Subsequently, 0.2 mL 0.1 mol/mL CaCl 2 solution was added in 1.8 mL anticoagulant whole blood with 10 s of vortex.…”