“…As far as we know, there has been no previous report regarding the electrochemical oxidation mechanism of CBD. By referring to reported works on the oxidation of Δ 9 -THC, the oxidation process of CBD could be assumed to be a phenol-type oxidation mechanism [ 34 , 35 ].…”
For detection of cannabidiol (CBD)—an important ingredient in Cannabis sativa L.—amino magnetic nanoparticle-decorated graphene (Fe3O4-NH2-GN) was prepared in the form of nanocomposites, and then modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a novel electrochemical sensor (Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE). The applied Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles and GN exhibited typical structures and intended surface groups through characterizations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE showed the maximum electrochemical signal for CBD during the comparison of fabricated components via the cyclic voltammetry method, and was systematically investigated in the composition and treatment of components, pH, scan rate, and quantitative analysis ability. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE exhibited a good detection limit (0.04 μmol L−1) with a linear range of 0.1 μmol L−1 to 100 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.984). In the detection of CBD in the extract of C. sativa leaves, the results of the electrochemical method using the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE were in good agreement with those of the HPLC method. Based on these findings, the proposed sensor could be further developed for the portable and rapid detection of natural active compounds in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical fields.
“…As far as we know, there has been no previous report regarding the electrochemical oxidation mechanism of CBD. By referring to reported works on the oxidation of Δ 9 -THC, the oxidation process of CBD could be assumed to be a phenol-type oxidation mechanism [ 34 , 35 ].…”
For detection of cannabidiol (CBD)—an important ingredient in Cannabis sativa L.—amino magnetic nanoparticle-decorated graphene (Fe3O4-NH2-GN) was prepared in the form of nanocomposites, and then modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a novel electrochemical sensor (Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE). The applied Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles and GN exhibited typical structures and intended surface groups through characterizations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE showed the maximum electrochemical signal for CBD during the comparison of fabricated components via the cyclic voltammetry method, and was systematically investigated in the composition and treatment of components, pH, scan rate, and quantitative analysis ability. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE exhibited a good detection limit (0.04 μmol L−1) with a linear range of 0.1 μmol L−1 to 100 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.984). In the detection of CBD in the extract of C. sativa leaves, the results of the electrochemical method using the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE were in good agreement with those of the HPLC method. Based on these findings, the proposed sensor could be further developed for the portable and rapid detection of natural active compounds in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical fields.
“…Figure 9 shows that THC and CBD share a similar structure. The phenol which undergoes the redox reaction is common between the two [ 237 ]. This presents an opportunity to validate THC biosensors for the analysis of CBD.…”
Section: Cannabinoids and The Coronavirusmentioning
Section: Cannabinoids and The Coronavirusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fabrication of this sensor is presented in Figure 10 c/d. Sensors based on Absorptive stripping voltammetry [ 242 ], porous carbon paper [ 237 ], molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)( Figure 10 a) [ 241 ] have also produced highly sensitive electrodes capable of sensing concentrations of 31.5, 1.26 and 0.18 ng of THC/mL respectively.…”
Section: Cannabinoids and The Coronavirusmentioning
“…Several authors have used this technique to detect cocaine from body fluids and samples by targeting tertiary amine moiety of cocaine, which requires no incubation and has a rapid response [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Carbon-paper electrodes, including molecularly imprinted ones, have been widely used to develop electrochemical sensors for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) sensing [ 49 , 50 ]. However, most of these sensors used for drug-abuse detection are still more focused on the “sensitivity” aspect of the assembly than the more futuristic wearable translation.…”
In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.
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