Development of an SSVEP-based BCI spelling system adopting a QWERTY-style LED keyboard

Hwang, Han-Jeong; Lim, Jung Min; Jung, Young Jin; Choi, Han Gon; Lee, Sang Woo; Im, Chang‐Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.04.011

Cited by 211 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…light emitting diodes (LEDs) [2], in order to elicit SSVEP response. Currently, SSVEP based BCI applications such as a virtual phone dial pad [10], prosthesis control [11], QWERTY LED keyboard [12] and spelling system [13][14] etc. have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Viewing Distance of Stimulus on SSVEP Response for Use in Brain-Computer Interfaces

Lakany

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

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Abstract-Most visual stimulators used in steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) to elicit SSVEP response are set close to the BCI system limiting the portability and the applications of the system. Our aim is to develop a portable SSVEP based BCI adaptable to the change of the viewing distance of the stimulator which will allow users to operate the BCI without being restricted to a particular area. This study (1) investigates the impact of the distance between the user and the visual stimulator on the SSVEP response and (2) develops a portable visual stimulator that would adapt to change of distance. The finding suggests that a distance adaptable SSVEP based BCI is achievable by changing the intensity of visual stimulator to correspond to the change of the viewing distance. It is hoped that this work can help SSVEP BCI design and broaden its potential applications and users.Keywords: Brain-computer interface (BCI), Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), Electroencephalography (EEG)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Viewing Distance of Stimulus on SSVEP Response for Use in Brain-Computer Interfaces

Lakany

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

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“…The time needed to solve the tasks is usually quite large compared to typical input devices or multi-target BCIs (e.g. [12]). However, the accuracy and speed of the system can be increased through mechanisms like this implemented dictionary or other language-based models (see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A User-Friendly Dictionary-Supported SSVEP-based BCI Application

Stawicki

Gembler

Volosyak

2017

Symbiotic Interaction

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Abstract. A brain-computer interface (BCI) measures and interprets brain signals enabling people to communicate without the use of peripheral muscles. One of the common BCI paradigms are steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), brain signals induced by gazing at a constantly flickering target. The choice of stimulation frequencies and the number of simultaneously used stimuli highly influence the performance of such SSVEP-based BCI. In this article, a dictionary-driven four class SSVEP-based spelling application is presented, tested, and evaluated. To enhance classification accuracy, frequencies were determined individually with a calibration software for SSVEP-BCIs, enabling non-experts to set up the system. Forty-one healthy participants used the BCI system to spell English sentences (lengths between 23 and 37 characters). All participants completed the spelling task successfully. A mean accuracy of 97.92% and a mean ITR of 23.84 bits/min were achieved, 18 participants even reached 100% accuracy. On average the number of commands needed to spell the example sentences with four classes, without dictionary support is higher by a factor of 1.92. Thanks to the implemented dictionary the time needed to spell typical everyday sentences can be drastically reduced.

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“…Among these imaging techniques, EEG has been popular due to its low cost, portability, and high information transfer rate for real time applications [3,7,8]. The commonly used EEG based BCI paradigm which has been very responsive is the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), which is a repetitive sinusoidal like waveform with its frequency synchronised with the frequency of the visual stimulus and recorded from the visual cortex noninvasively [9][10][11][12][13][14]. SSVEP requires a visual stimulus to evoke the potential in the brain and the past studies have shown that the participant responses vary with different type of stimuli based on colour, frequency and intensity [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of SSVEP responses using multi-chromatic LED stimuli: Analysis on colour, orientation and frequency

Mouli

Palaniappan

Sillitoe

et al. 2015

2015 7th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC)

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Most LED visual stimulators used in steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interface (BCI) use single LED sources to elicit SSVEP responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that different orientations would have different responses in different participants and aimed to develop a portable LED based stimulus design which consists of a small number of RGB LEDs arranged in a line which can be oriented horizontally or vertically. The colour and frequency of the flicker were controlled by a portable microcontroller platform. The study investigated the performance of the SSVEP from five participants when the LED stimulus was displayed vertically and horizontally for a period of 30 seconds. The frequency range used was from 7 Hz to 11 Hz with three primary colours: red, green and blue in both orientations. Furthermore, we also compared the effect of vertical and horizontal orientations using four different frequencies and three colours to test visual fatigue reduction. The results of the analysis using band-pass filtering and Fast Fourier Transform showed that the green horizontal LED stimulus orientation gave the highest response and viewing comfort in all the participants rather than the vertical orientation.

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Development of an SSVEP-based BCI spelling system adopting a QWERTY-style LED keyboard

Cited by 211 publications

References 27 publications

The Effect of the Viewing Distance of Stimulus on SSVEP Response for Use in Brain-Computer Interfaces

The Effect of the Viewing Distance of Stimulus on SSVEP Response for Use in Brain-Computer Interfaces

A User-Friendly Dictionary-Supported SSVEP-based BCI Application

Quantification of SSVEP responses using multi-chromatic LED stimuli: Analysis on colour, orientation and frequency

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