Development of an ISSR-Derived SCAR Marker in Korean Ginseng Cultivars (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)

Abstract

Recently, new ginseng cultivars having superior agricultural traits have been developed in Korea. For newly developed plant cultivars, the identifi cation of distinctiveness is very important factors not only in plant cultivar management but also in breeding programs. Thus, eighty-fi ve inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were applied to detect polymorphisms among six major Korean ginseng cultivars and two foreign ginsengs. A total of 197 polymorphic bands with an average 5.8 polymorphic bands and 2.9 banding patterns per assay unit across six Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign ginsengs from 236 amplifi ed ISSR loci with an average 6.9 loci per assay unit were generated by 34 out of 85 ISSR primers. Three species of Panax ginseng including the Korean ginseng cultivars, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, could be readily discriminated using most tested primers. UBC-821, UBC-868, and UBC-878 generated polymorphic bands among the six Korean ginseng cultivars, and could distinguish them from foreign ginsengs. Sequence characterized amplifi ed region (SCAR) marker system was introduced in order to increase the reproducibility of the polymorphism. One SCAR marker, PgI821C650, was successfully converted from the randomly amplifi ed polymorphism by UBC-821. It showed the expected dominant polymorphism among ginseng samples. In addition, the specifi c polymorphism for Sunwon was generated by treating Taq I restriction enzyme to polymerase chain reaction products of PgI821C650. These results will serve as useful DNA markers for identifi cation of Korean ginseng, especially Sunwon cultivar, seed management, and molecular breeding program supplemented with marker-assisted selection.

ISSR markers in wild species of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) as a tool for taxon selection in ornamental breeding

“…Additionally, species-specific bands and accession or cultivar restricted bands can be transformed into SCAR (sequenced characterized amplified region) type markers to increase specificity and reproducibility. In cultivars of medicinal Panax ginseng, the development of SCAR markers based on ISSR regions has enabled the differentiation of one of the six analyzed cultivars (Lee et al, 2011). In the present study, the species-specific bands could be used for confirmation of interspecific crosses or for germplasm protection.…”

“…Unique bands amplified by ISSR primers have applications in both germplasm identification and genetic improvement programs (Isshiki et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2011). Additionally, species-specific bands and accession or cultivar restricted bands can be transformed into SCAR (sequenced characterized amplified region) type markers to increase specificity and reproducibility.…”

Comparative Genetic Characteristics of Korean Ginseng using DNA Markers

“…인삼에서는 국내 수집종 인삼을 대상으로 유전적인 다양 성을 확인하였으며 (Seo et al, 2003;Rhim et al, 2010), 미국삼 (P. quinquefolius)을 대상으로도 유전적인 다양성이 확 인된바 있다 (Bai et al, 1997). 본 실험을 통하여 선발된 프 라이머들 (URP2, URP9, URP10)에 의해 생성된 품종 특이적 인 DNA 단편들은, 향후 유전자 클로닝 방법을 통하여 SCAR 마커로 전환한다면 좀 더 재현성 있는 DNA 마커로 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다 (Bang et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2011). [Lewontin (1972)].…”

Development of a single-nucleotide-polymorphism marker for specific authentication of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) new cultivar “G-1”

“…Although the medicinal components and efficacy of P. ginseng have been widely explored [8], [9], [10], [11], there is little information available on the genome of P. ginseng , making the molecular identification of different cultivars difficult. However, with the development of robust molecular markers, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism [12], single-strand conformation polymorphism [13], randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [14], sequence-characterized amplified region [15], intersimple sequence repeat-derived sequence-characterized amplified region [16], amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) [17], amplified fragment length polymorphism, and directed amplification of minisatellite region DNA [18] for the Korean ginseng cultivars, this difficulty is prevailed.…”