Development of an immunochromatographic strip incorporating anti‐mitragynine monoclonal antibody conjugated to colloidal gold for kratom alkaloids detection

Abstract

A lateral flow-based immunochromatographic strip was developed for the rapid detection of mitragynine (MG), a dominant alkaloid found in the leaves of kratom. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MG (anti-MG mAb) was conjugated to colloidal gold and used as a recognition probe. MG-ovalbumin conjugate (MG-OVA) and goat anti-mouse IgG were immobilized on the strip to produce a test zone and control zone, respectively. Based on the principle of a competitive assay, MG in a test sample competed with MG-OVA resident in the test zone to bind with colloidal gold-anti-MG mAb, resulting in an inverse relation of color intensity at the test zone and MG amount. The limit of detection (LOD) of the immunochromatographic strip is determined at 1 mg/mL of MG by visual assessment and 0.60 mg/mL by Image J analysis. The developed immunochromatographic strip can determine MG in kratom cocktails and kratom leaf samples. It could serve as a rapid and simple diagnostic kit for the detection of MG in kratom samples.

A Lateral Flow Immunochromato-graphic Strip Test for Rapid Detection of Oseltamivir Phosphate in Egg and Chicken Meat

“…As a small molecule drug with a molecular weight of 312.35, OP is a hapten which cannot stimulate the host to produce antibodies. The conjugation of OP with carrier proteins such BSA, OVA, and KLH to form a complete antigen is an essential step for the induction of antibodies to OP after immunization 37 . In this study, the active metabolite of OP, OCA was coupled with BSA and OVA through the active ester method to prepare the immunogen and coating antigen in ELISAs.…”

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Kratom ( Mitragynine speciosa ): 2016 determination of the mitragynine composition of 13 commercial products of Kratom sold online and in “smartshops” by GC-MS [ 598 ]; analysis of products advertised as kratom [ 599 ]; overview of kratom products seized [ 600 ]; study of the addictive profile and abuse potential of Kratom [ 601 ]; 2017 determination of the purity of mitragynine in a Mitragyna speciosa alkaloid extract using UFLC [ 602 ]; ic-ELISA method for rapid quantification of the major kratom alkaloids including mitragynine, paynantheine, and speciogynine in kratom cocktails [ 603 ]; review of the known chemistry of plants of the genus Mitragyna that are sold as kratom [ 604 ]; detection and identification of kratom using chemical tests and qPCR-HRM [ 605 ]; HPLC method to quantify mitragynine in kratom raw materials and finished products [ 606 ]; 2018 HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS for the identification and quantification of the principal alkaloids present in different Mitragyna speciose strains [ 607 ]; scheduling of kratom [ 608 ]; dangers of kratom [ 609 ]; survey of polydrug use among kratom users [ 610 ]; immunochromatographic strip to determine mitragynine in kratom cocktails and kratom leaf samples [ 611 ]; HPLC-UV determination of alkaloids in Kratom raw materials and dietary supplements [ 612 ]; 2019 case report [ 613 ]; SPE and GC and GC-MS analysis of the chemical constituents of M. speciosa leaves [ 614 ].…”

Kratom: An Opioid-like Herbal Supplement Pediatricians Should Know About

“…Definitive testing requires Liquid Chromatography or Tandem Mass Spectrometry, although qualitative immunologic-based tests are in development 46 . Levels of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in pregnant women using kratom have been found to be 61 and 980 ng/dl respectively using these methods 37 .…”