Development of an in vitro system to study oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology: validation and potential applications

Abstract

Background and objectives: We have developed a standardized, easy-to-use in vitro model to study single-and multiple-species oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology, which elucidates the kinetics of biofilm formation in 96-well plates, without the requirement for any further manipulation. Design and Results: Using this system, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans appear to be sugardependent and highly resistant to amoxicilin, an antibiotic to which this oral pathogen is highly sensitive in a planktonic state. Saliva, tongue and dental plaque samples were also used as inocula to form multiple-species biofilms. DNA isolation and Illumina sequencing of the biofilms showed that the multi-species biofilms were formed by tens or hundreds of species, had a similar composition to the original inoculum, and included fastidious microorganisms which are important for oral health and disease. As an example of the potential applications of the model, we show that oral biofilms can be inhibited by amoxicilin, but in some cases they are induced by the antibiotic, suggesting the existence of responders and non-responders to a given antibiotic. Conclusions: We therefore propose the system as a valid in vitro model to study oral biofilm dynamics, including their susceptibility to antibiotics, antiseptics or anti-adhesive compounds.

Electrochemical Signature of Escherichia coli on Nickel Micropillar Array Electrode for Early Biofilm Characterization

“…[41] EIS at different potentials has been used to study the kinetic reactions in analytical electrochemistry for the non-stationary interfaces with faradaic process and in corrosion process. [42,43] It was also used to show EET between Shewanella oneidensis biofilms and semiconductor iron oxide substrate. [44] The experiment was set for EIS characterization in the potential range between À 200 and 400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl with 50 mV steps.…”

Acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing in the oral cavity: a paradigm revisited

“…20J 43 , was tested on different in vitro oral biofilms obtained from saliva samples from healthy and unhealthy donors. Important inhibition was observed using the xCELLigence monitoring system, which allows real-time measurements of surface-associated bacterial growth 35,44 and a modification of the Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model 19,45 . In addition, the inhibitory effect of the QQ enzyme Aii20J was also observed on in vitro multi-species biofilms formed by six oral pathogens.…”

Adhesiveness of bulk-fill composite resin in permanent molars submitted to Streptococcus mutans biofilm

“…Human saliva presents a biological role during the initial colonization, and salivary proteins and glycoproteins comprise the acquired pellicle that is crucial to biofilm establishment. 36 Cavalcanti et al 37 demonstrated that salivary pellicles modulate the virulence of Candida albicans biofilm, therefore demonstrating the importance of saliva during biofilm formation. In this respect, Mira et al 37 proposed an in vitro system for complex biofilm formation using different kinds of inoculum from oral samples, including saliva.…”