Development of an external (in air) in situ current normalized particle induced gamma-ray emission method utilizing 3.5 MeV proton beam from FOTIA for rapid quantification of low Z elements in glass and ceramic samples

Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples for major, minor, and trace elemental concentration determination by INAA and its comparison with ED-XRF and DC Arc AES in terms of analytical capabilities and possible applications for glass forensics

“…Detailed sample preparation, methodology, and experimental part can be found in our earlier publications. 8,54,58 The Si result was also found to be in good agreement with the certied values and uncertainties in the results, expressed at ±1 s, which were found to be about ±1% (Table 5). The reported uncertainty in the Si concentration was also calculated from the replicate (n = 3) sample analysis and has contribution from standard deviation.…”

Optimization of external (in air) particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) methodology for rapid, non-destructive, and simultaneous quantification of fluorine, sodium, and phosphorus in nuclear waste immobilization matrices

“…External (in air) PIGE method at FOTIA, BARC External (in air) PIGE method was developed at FOlded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA), BARC with 3.5 MeV collimated proton beam aer extracting from 25 mm Ta window. 21 The details of the experimental setup have been given in our previous publication. 20 The entire radioactive assay was carried out using a p-type coaxial HPGe detector (crystal ∼60 mm dia and 50 mm thickness, relative efficiency ∼50% and resolution ∼2.0 keV at 1332 keV of 60 Co).…”

“…Conventional PIGE methods were utilized in our laboratory using in situ current normalization/current normalization from the Tantalum window for uorine determination in coal, soil, and several geological samples. [20][21][22] In the course of time, the external (in air) PIGE method has also been developed by researchers, thereby making the method simpler, rapid, and promising for analyzing samples with non-standard geometry. [23][24][25][26] Current normalization is always a challenging task in PIGE.…”

The standardization and application of an external (in air) particle induced gamma emission (PIGE) method for the rapid and non-destructive quantification of light elements at major to trace concentrations in coal, bottom ash and coke samples

“…Several classical and instrumental analytical methods have been utilized for the quantification of low Z -elements in solid materials, including graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), direct current-arc optical emission spectroscopy (DC-Arc OES), spark OES, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), 4 and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). 5 The above spectroscopic techniques are precise and accurate, having high sensitivities and wide linear dynamic ranges with low detection limits. Mass spectrometric techniques are advantageous as they are isotope specific and they have high sensitivity, with sharp peaks and low background.…”

“…15,17–19 To further obtain a simple and rapid analytical method, as required, an external (in air) PIGE method has been utilized in our laboratory. 5 It was found to reduce the turnaround time of analysis without any vacuum requirements, where the sample was exposed to the extracted proton beam in air. The external PIGE setup has the potential to be used to analyze “as received” non-standard-geometry samples, like alloys and archaeological sculptures of different sizes and shapes.…”