Development of an Effective Cell Seeding Technique: Simulation, Implementation, and Analysis of Contributing Factors

Abstract

Cell seeding in a biomaterial is an important process for tissue engineering applications. It helps to modulate tissue formation or to control initial conditions for mechanobiological studies. The compression release-induced suction (CRIS) seeding technique leads to active infiltration of the cell suspension toward the central region of the scaffold. Its effectiveness, however, may significantly vary depending on several controlling factors such as the rate of loading and unloading or scaffold architecture. We utilized a 2D axisymmetric finite element model to numerically evaluate the influence of a seeding loading regime on suction pressure and infiltration velocity of the cell suspension. The in vitro application of optimized CRIS seeding obtained from simulation showed significant effectiveness over a static seeding method. As simulation results predicted, the permeability of the scaffold directly influenced CRIS seeding effectiveness in vitro. By supplementing an optimized CRIS loading regime with slow rotation after seeding treatment, cell distribution through thickness was improved especially for scaffolds showing low permeability. Finally, we systematically analyzed the relative importance of permeability, thickness, or coating on cell seeding efficiency and uniformity using a full factorial design of experiments. We observed that permeability has a higher impact on the CRIS seeding than scaffold coating and thickness.

Temperature evolution following joint loading promotes chondrogenesis by synergistic cues via calcium signaling

“…Hydrogels were disinfected by graded ethanol. Cells (~1.25 million per sample) were infused into them by an optimized compression released induced suction method ( Nasrollahzadeh et al, 2017 ). The cell-seeded construct was prepared as a batch and then randomly distributed in different study groups.…”

The importance of factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science: Optimisation of cell seeding efficiency on dermal scaffolds as a case study

“…Curiously, despite being an intuitive finding, there are very few reports on the literature that based on accompanying supporting data, recommend and/or imply that cell seeding efficiency should be optimised for each particular material. 46 – 50 None of the found reports used dermal scaffolds. Furthermore, some of the studies cited 46 – 50 did not report differences between scaffolds in terms of cell seeding efficiency but in terms of other parameters studied.…”

“… 46 – 50 None of the found reports used dermal scaffolds. Furthermore, some of the studies cited 46 – 50 did not report differences between scaffolds in terms of cell seeding efficiency but in terms of other parameters studied. As an example, using titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Chen and colleagues 46 did not see differences in the cell seeding efficiency but observed changes in cellular spatial distribution throughout the two different chosen scaffolds (regular vs irregular morphology).…”

Holistic Approach of Swiss Fetal Progenitor Cell Banking: Optimizing Safe and Sustainable Substrates for Regenerative Medicine and Biotechnology

“…Various dynamic cell seeding protocols for the induction of active infiltration (e.g., perfusion, centrifugation, orbital shaking, spinner flasks) allow cell distribution uniformity and optimal preservation of cellular integrity and function (Burg et al, 2000;Alvarez-Barreto et al, 2007;Roh et al, 2007;Thevenot et al, 2008). An equilibrium must be reached between cell proliferation and adequate chondrogenesis (i.e., responsiveness versus stability) following homogeneous scaffold seeding, directly defining adequate seeding density, methods for construct obtention, and preculture conditions (Roche et al, 2001;Moretti et al, 2005;Hasegawa et al, 2010;Erickson et al, 2012;Nasrollahzadeh et al, 2017;Studer et al, 2017). This ultimately results in the integration of structural and mass transport properties with the functional chondrogenesis components FIGURE 10 | Clinical case-reports illustrating the use and efficacy of Progenitor Biological Bandages for the management of human pediatric burns and donor-site wounds.…”