Development of an anion/cation permeable free-standing membrane based on electrochemical switching of polypyrrole

Ehrenbeck, C.; Jüttner, K.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(95)00337-1

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1,13,[17][18][19] As noted above, there have been many reports on the ion exchange behavior of PPy films under different conditions. On the basis of the ion exchange behavior, many articles have focused on the application of PPy as ion exchanger, 7,10,13,16,17 ion transport membrane, 15,[18][19][20][21][22] and for water purification. 14,23 Electrochemically-controlled ion exchange of PPy can be employed for solution purification, using the ion exchange behavior of PPy for removing the object ions from solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Qiu

Guo

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with a variety of dopants (A), namely chloride, nitrate, para-toluene sulfonate (pTS À ), and dodecyl sulfonate (DS À ), was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in NaCl, NapTS, and AlCl 3 aqueous solutions. The results show that PPy/pTS and PPy/DS films had the best anion and cation exchange ability, respectively. However, the ion exchange ability evaluated by CV charge cannot describe the exact amount of exchanged ions. For that reason, a new ion exchange experiment was designed to evaluate the amount of ions removed from NaCl aqueous solution to AlCl 3 or NapTS aqueous solution. In addition, the ion exchange ratio is defined as the ratio of the charge associated with ion ejection to the synthesis charge, and can be conveniently converted to operating exchange capability (OEC). The ion exchange ratio and OEC can be used to characterize and evaluate the ion exchange ability of PPy/A films in different conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Qiu

Guo

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…These characteristic properties have been applied to batteries, 1 electrochromic devices, 2 capacitors, 3 and electrochemically controlled membranes. 4 To meet the requirements of these applications, many efforts have been directed to the elucidation of charge transport mechanism. Charge transport in a film consists of electron transport and ion transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transport Investigated with the Electrochemical and Electrogravimetric Impedance Techniques. 1. Water Transport in PPy/CuPTS Films

Yang

Kwak

1997

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Water transport in poly(pyrrole/copper phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate) (PPy/CuPTS) films, where cation transport prevails, has been investigated by employing the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique, the electrochemical impedance technique, and the electrogravimetric impedance technique. The approximate numbers of accompanying waters per cation for PPy/CuPTS films have been obtained from both cyclic EQCM experiment and impedance experiment. It is shown that the number of accompanying waters depends on the nature and concentration of an electrolyte solution as well as the redox state of the film. It increases with the hydration number of cation in an aqueous electrolyte solution and exhibits hysteresis behavior during redox cycle. It is found that ionic conductivity of cation in a film depends on the number of accompanying waters and the ion-ion interactions inside the film. It is also found that a substantial amount of water moves with the cation during the break-in process at the first cathodic scan. Moreover, the electromechanical impedance technique has been employed to verify the relation between mass and resonant frequency of an oscillating quartz crystal and to monitor morphology changes (viscoelastic change and volume change) during the redox reaction of PPy/CuPTS films. It is found that mass change can be obtained from resonant frequency without consideration of morphology changes of PPy films. It is also found that morphology changes of PPy/CuPTS films relate to the amount of water moving into or out of the film.

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“…The reverse variation of the magnitudes of those variables under control of the reverse electrochemical reaction envisages the development of new biomimetic (electrochemical) devices and products such as artificial muscles, electrochromic windows [78,79], polymeric batteries [80,81] and/or supercapacitors [82][83][84], smart drug delivery devices [85][86][87][88][89][90][91] and nervous interfaces [92][93][94][95][96], or smart membranes [57,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]. In this chapter, we focus on artificial muscles understood as electrochemomechanical actuators.…”

Section: Electrochemical Properties: Multifunctionality and Biomimetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Otero

Arias‐Pardilla

2010

Electropolymerization

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Science is one of the most robust conceptual constructs developed by human beings. Theoretical physical models have been developed involving the smallest and the largest systems over the full scale of the universe. At either extreme, the models, which provide for constant interaction forces between their components, describe experimental observations and are predictive.Life evolved from systems of intermediate size in relation to the extremes of universal scale. Life, biological organs, and cells develop functions only under chemical driving conditions. Natural organs can be considered as biological devices that are very efficient in transforming chemical energy at constant temperature into functions, unlike servitude of machines to the Carnot cycle. Inside any living cell, thousands of simultaneous reactions occur. Every reaction promotes changes from reactants to products, with subsequent changes to hundreds of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, most of those reactions link conformational changes of biopolymers with ionic and electronic movement driving water flow. Hence, many simultaneous chemical reactions, intermolecular, and intramolecular interactions involving conformational movements are outside the possibilities of current theoretical models. Theoretical descriptions of any living cell and predictions of its behavior when unhealthy are unavailable within our scientific models. This constitutes the proximity paradox [1] because we have been able to develop good and predictive theoretical models for subatomic or galactic systems, far removed from our everyday surroundings.Actuation of natural organs such as muscles involves, moreover, the chemical reaction of ATP hydrolysis simultaneous with sensing processes that provide living creatures with a perfect consciousness of both the characteristics of their mechanical movements and their interactions with their environment: they are intelligent machines.Most of our technological developments were inspired by biological functions and organs. One of our aims is to overcome the efficiency of the biological Electropolymerization: Concepts, Materials and Applications. Edited by Serge Cosnier and Arkady Karyakin

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Development of an anion/cation permeable free-standing membrane based on electrochemical switching of polypyrrole

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Influence of doping anions on the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole

Mass Transport Investigated with the Electrochemical and Electrogravimetric Impedance Techniques. 1. Water Transport in PPy/CuPTS Films

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

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