Development of an anaerobic threshold (HRLT, HRVT) estimation equation using the heart rate threshold (HRT) during the treadmill incremental exercise test

Ham, Joo-ho; Park, Hun‐Young; Kim, Younho; Bae, Seung-Jun; Ko, Byung-Hoon; Nam, Sang-Seok

doi:10.20463/jenb.2017.0016

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among typical methods of determining AT are the lactate threshold (LT), which is based on blood lactate levels, and ventilator threshold (VT), which is measured by respiratory gas. 9 The LT and VT do not typically appear at the same time, and the LT generally tends to appear before the VT. In addition, the LT indicates a point of rapid change in blood lactate levels, and is considered an efficient and practical method with less subjective bias for determining an AT compared with the VT. 9,10 Weight loss through aerobic exercise results in reduced blood cholesterol, improved hypertension, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and improved aerobic exercise capacity.…”

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“…9 The LT and VT do not typically appear at the same time, and the LT generally tends to appear before the VT. In addition, the LT indicates a point of rapid change in blood lactate levels, and is considered an efficient and practical method with less subjective bias for determining an AT compared with the VT. 9,10 Weight loss through aerobic exercise results in reduced blood cholesterol, improved hypertension, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and improved aerobic exercise capacity. 11,12 Aerobic exercise also has reduced levels of leptin, insulin, cortisol, and thyroid stimulating hormone during submaximal exercise, [13][14][15] and it increases the activity of the vagus nerve, reduces resting heart rate, activates the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and provides for autonomic control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Twelve Weeks of Aerobic Exercise at the Lactate Threshold Improves Autonomic Nervous System Function, Body Composition, and Aerobic Performance in Women with Obesity

Park

Jung

Kim

et al. 2020

JOMES

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Background:The present study examined the effects of a prolonged exercise intervention at the lactate threshold (LT) on body composition, aerobic performance, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in women with obesity. Methods: A total of 36 obese Korean women aged 36 to 55 years (mean±standard deviation, 44.8±5.2 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n=18) or an experimental group (EXP, n=18); and EXP underwent aerobic exercise training three times a week at a heart rate corresponding to the LT (HR_LT) for 12 weeks. All dependent variables (body composition, aerobic performance, and ANS function parameters) were evaluated before and after training. Results: Compared with the CON group, the EXP group showed significant improvement in body composition (body weight, −4.57 vs. −2.40 kg; body mass index, −1.79 vs. −0.96 kg/m 2 ; %body fat, −4.63 vs. −1.41; fat-free mass, 3.24 vs. -0.08 kg), aerobic performance (oxygen consumption at LT, 5.74 vs. 0.12 mL/kg/min; maximal oxygen consumption, 5.41 vs. 2.14 mL/kg/min; treadmill speed at HR_LT, 1.40 vs. 0.29 km/hr; bicycle load at HR_LT, 18.62 vs. 4.52 w; and ANS function (mean RR, 50.83 vs. −15.04 ms; standard deviation of NN intervals, 5.08 vs. −0.55 ms; root mean square of successive differences, 6.42 vs. 1.87 ms; total power, 0.34 vs. 0.10 ms 2 ; high frequency, 0.32 vs. −0.04 ms 2 ; low frequency/high frequency, −0.09 vs. 0.01). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise at the LT for 12 weeks is a practical method of improving body composition, aerobic performance, and ANS function for women with obesity.Obesity is an accumulation of excess fat, caused by energy imbalance between excess food intake and the calories consumed. 1 According to a report by the World Health Organization in 2014, more than 1.9 billion people, or 39% of the world's adult population, are overweight and 13%, or 6 million people, are obese. 2 As for the prevalence of obesity in Korea, the male obesity rate decreases with age (32% in 20s, 43.9% in 30s, 39.6% in 40s, 41.5% in 50s, 36.9% in 60s, and 24.0% in more than 70s). On the other hand, women's obesity rate increases rapidly with age (15.0% in 20s, 18.6% in 30s, 22.3% in 40s, 29.3% in 50s, 36.6% in 60s, and 37.3% in more than 70s). 3 This suggests that the obesity rate increases by age in women and 20 to 40 years old women who have a relatively low prevalence of obesity need long-term and continuous treatment for obesity.

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Twelve Weeks of Aerobic Exercise at the Lactate Threshold Improves Autonomic Nervous System Function, Body Composition, and Aerobic Performance in Women with Obesity

Park

Jung

Kim

et al. 2020

JOMES

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“…We divided the subjects of both genders according to a 7 : 3 ratio using Bernoulli's trials. We developed the regression model by using 70% of the subjects, and we used the remaining 30% of the subjects for cross-validation [30,31]. The actual sample size distribution according to Bernoulli's trials is shown in Table 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This protocol's initial starting speed was 3.6 km/h and increased by 1.2 km/h every 2 minutes. The slope was at 0% at all stages [31]. We measured respiratory gas and heart rate continuously during the maximal exercise testing.…”

Section: Graded Exercise Test Using Treadmillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of multistage 10-m shuttle run test for VO2max estimation in healthy adults

Cho¹,

Park²,

Nam³

2021

JOMH

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Background and objective: The disadvantage of the traditional 20-m multistage shuttle run test (MST) is that it requires a long space for measurements and does not include various age groups to develop the test. Therefore, we developed a new MST to improve the spatial limitation by reducing the measurement to a 10-m distance and to resolve the bias via uniform distributions of gender and age. Material and methods: Study subjects included 120 healthy adults (60 males and 60 females) aged 20 to 50 years. All subjects performed a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and a 10-m MST at ﬁve-day intervals. We developed a regression model using 70% of the subject's data and performed a cross-validation test using 30% of the data. Results: The male regression model's coeﬃcient of determination (R2) was 58.8%, and the standard error of estimation (SEE) was 4.17 mL/kg/min. The female regression model's R2 was 69.2%, and the SEE was 3.39 mL/kg/min. The 10-m MST showed a high correlation with GXT on the VO2max (males: 0.816; females: 0.821). In the cross-validation test for the developed regression models, the male's SEE was 4.38 mL/kg/min, and the female's SEE was 4.56 mL/kg/min. Conclusion: Thus, the 10-m MST is an accurate and valid method for estimating the VO2max. Therefore, the 10-m MST developed by us can be used when the existing 20-m MST cannot be used due to spatial limitations and can be applied to both men and women in their 20s and 50s.

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“…Therefore, Menzel & Hilberg 11 recommend using the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity of each individual as the appropriate exercise intensity for weight loss. There are two representative methods of determining AT: lactate threshold using blood lactate levels (LT) and ventilatory threshold (VT) using respiratory gas 12 . LT, rather than VT, is more efficient in the determination of AT because it is a point of rapid change in blood lactate concentration, is less subjective in judgment, and more practical 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training at lactate threshold and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress related variables in obese women

Park

Kim

et al. 2019

JENB

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[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet plus exercise training and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress-related variables in obese women.[Methods]Twenty-five women in their 20s-40s with 30% body fat and body mass indices above 25 kg/m2 were divided into HRLT (heart rate at lactate threshold) and HRLT + 5% groups. Dietary intervention of 70% recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise treatment composed of aerobic exercises on a bicycle (30 min) and treadmill (30 min) were then performed. These interventions were performed three times a week for 12 weeks.[Results]Dietary intake was significantly decreased, while daily activity significantly increased within the 12-week intervention period, and this effect was sustained after 12 weeks of detraining. Exercise training based on dietary intake and daily activity presented a significantly decreased weight and % body fat, improvement of aerobic performance, and a significant increase in heart rate variability (HRV) (e.g., average of all RR intervals and the square root mean squared differences of successive RR intervals) as stress-related variables. It was also confirmed that the improvement of body composition and stress-related variables were maintained even after detraining.[Conclusion]Our results suggest that 70% RDA of dietary intervention and exercise training corresponding to HRLT and HRLT + 5% for 12 weeks were effective in improving body composition and aerobic performance, and relieving stress. In particular, enhanced HRV persisted for up to 12 weeks after the end of exercise training in obese women.

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Development of an anaerobic threshold (HRLT, HRVT) estimation equation using the heart rate threshold (HRT) during the treadmill incremental exercise test

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Twelve Weeks of Aerobic Exercise at the Lactate Threshold Improves Autonomic Nervous System Function, Body Composition, and Aerobic Performance in Women with Obesity

Twelve Weeks of Aerobic Exercise at the Lactate Threshold Improves Autonomic Nervous System Function, Body Composition, and Aerobic Performance in Women with Obesity

Development of multistage 10-m shuttle run test for VO2max estimation in healthy adults

Effects of exercise training at lactate threshold and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress related variables in obese women

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