Development of an advanced, thermally stable, coal-based jet fuel

Balster, Lori M.; Corporan, Edwin; DeWitt, Matthew J.; Edwards, James T.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Graham, John L.; Lee, Seong-Young; Pal, Snehanshu; Phelps, Donald K.; Rudnick, Leslie R.; Santoro, Robert J.; Schobert, Harold H.; Shafer, Linda; Striebich, Richard C.; West, Zachary J.; Wilson, Geoffrey R.; Woodward, Roger; Zabarnick, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.11.018

Cited by 103 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Institute used a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) to study the stability of JP-900 [Balster et al, 2007]. QCM has been used in other studies at these organizations to examine fuel stability and to qualify various jet fuel additives.…”

Section: Colleagues At the Air Force Research Laboratory And The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECAT flow reactor system at the Air Force Research Laboratory was used to evaluate the oxidative stability of JP-900 under complete oxygen consumption conditions [Balster et al, 2007]. The experiments in this study were conducted using a 50-inch long, target maximum wall temperature of 650°F (bulk z600°F), which provided a total residence time of z20 seconds in the actively heated zone for the specified reaction conditions.…”

Section: Colleagues At the Air Force Research Laboratory And The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likely, the hydrogen content could be brought within specification by slight adjustments in the hydrotreating and hydrogenation conditions in a future pilot-plant campaign. The other two specification failures arose simply because an additive package was not used in the prototype JP-900.Low-temperature properties have been studied in detail, along with the effect of oxidation on these properties [Berkhous, 2007].Particularly noteworthy are results in Figure [Balster et al, 2007] proved to be somewhat unexpected. This intriguing result on 0-ring swelling has led to speculation about the validity of the conventional wisdom in this field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further context for these deposit values, a maximum passing value of 1.0 gig/cm 2 was established for the evaluation of JP-8+100 additive candidates [Balster et al, 2007]. The relatively low amount of deposit produced by JP-900 can be attributed to the lack of heteroatomic species such as phenols, sulfides, and nitrogen compounds.The ECAT flow reactor system at the Air Force Research Laboratory was used to evaluate the oxidative stability of JP-900 under complete oxygen consumption conditions [Balster et al, 2007]. The experiments in this study were conducted using a 50-inch long, target maximum wall temperature of 650°F (bulk z600°F), which provided a total residence time of z20 seconds in the actively heated zone for the specified reaction conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing was conducted with a total reaction time of eight hours. A comparison of the surface deposition profiles for the 8-hour testing with JP-900 and JP-8 is shown in Figure 3 [Balster et al, 2007].JP-900 demonstrated excellent oxidative stability, producing minimal deposition on the reaction tube. Bulk deposits collected on the downstream filter were reduced by an order of magnitude (approximately 270 ILg versus 2660 jig for JP-8).…”

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Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels

Schobert¹

2007

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Public reporting burden for this collection of inforrntion is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and rraintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of infornation. Send comrients regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of informtion. including suggestions for reduong this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Servces. Directorate for inforrration Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davs Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law. no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currenty valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) REPORT DATZ 31-10-2007Final PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERThe Energy Institute Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802-2320 SPONSORING i MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORIMONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) AFOSR/NA 875 North Randolph StreetSuite 325, Room 3112 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORTArlington VA 22203-1768 NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited AFRL-SR-AR-TR-07-0447 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTResearch was undertaken to develop coal-based jet fuel. The initial focus of the project was the development of a high heat sink fuel, JP-900, that could be used for thermal management, as well as for propulsion energy. In the most recent reporting period the focus shifted to development of a coal-based drop-in replacement for JP-8 fuel.Prototype fuel from hydrogenation of a mixture of light cycle oil and refined chemical oil met or exceeded all but four JP-8 specifications. The fuel had excellent low-temperature viscosity behavior and 0-ring seal swell comparable to JP-8. Deposition from thermal stressing of the fuel in various reactors was invariably lower than JP-8 or JP-8+ 100. Mechanisms of oxidative deposit formation for both jet and diesel fuels were proposed to account for the fact that the chemistry involved in both storage and thermal oxidative deposit formation in middle distillates was similar. The fuel was tested successfully in a T63 turboshaft engine, with emissions only slightly greater than JP-8. SUBJECT TERMSCoal derived jet fuel thermal stability ABSTRACTThis report summarizes briefly the key results of a project for the development of coal-based jet fuel. The initial focus of the project was the development of a high heat sink fuel, JP-900, that could be used for thermal management as well as for propulsion energy. In the last year the focus shifted to development of a coal-based drop-in replacement for JP-8. Prototype fuel from hydrogenation of a mixture of light cycle oil and refined chemical oil met or exc...

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Section: Colleagues At the Air Force Research Laboratory And The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colleagues At the Air Force Research Laboratory And The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels

Schobert¹

2007

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Development History and Basics of Aerospace Fuels

Zhang

Jia

2020

High‐Energy‐Density Fuels for Advanced Propulsion

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Developing the Low‐Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Cyclopentane: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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At present, the reactivity of cyclic alkanes is estimated by comparison with acyclic hydrocarbons. Due to the difference in the structure of cycloalkanes and acycloalkanes, the thermodynamic data obtained by analogy are not applicable. In this study, a molecular beam sampling vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MB‐VUV‐PI‐TOFMS) was applied to study the low‐temperature oxidation of cyclopentane (CPT) at a total pressure range from 1–3 atm and low‐temperature range between 500 and 800 K. Low‐temperature reaction products including cyclic olefins, cyclic ethers, and highly oxygenated intermediates (e. g., ketohydroperoxide KHP, keto‐dihydroperoxide KDHP, olefinic hydroperoxides OHP and ketone structure products) were observed. Further investigation of the oxidation of CPT – electronic structure calculations – were carried out at the UCCSD(T)‐F12a/aug‐cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6‐31+ G(d,p) level to explore the reactivity of O2 molecules adding sequentially to cyclopentyl radicals. Experimental and theoretical observations showed that the dominant product channel in the reaction of CPT radicals with O2 is HO2 elimination yielding cyclopentene. The pathways of second and third O2 addition – the dissociation of hydroperoxide – were further confirmed. The results of this study will develop the low‐temperature oxidation mechanism of CPT, which can be used for future research on accurately simulating the combustion process of CPT.

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Development of an advanced, thermally stable, coal-based jet fuel

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels

Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels

Development History and Basics of Aerospace Fuels

Developing the Low‐Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Cyclopentane: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

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