Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Based Jet Fuels

Abstract

Public reporting burden for this collection of inforrntion is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and rraintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of infornation. Send comrients regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of informtion. including suggestions for reduong this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Servces. Directorate for inforrration Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davs Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law. no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currenty valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) REPORT DATZ 31-10-2007Final PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERThe Energy Institute Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802-2320 SPONSORING i MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORIMONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) AFOSR/NA 875 North Randolph StreetSuite 325, Room 3112 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORTArlington VA 22203-1768 NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited AFRL-SR-AR-TR-07-0447 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTResearch was undertaken to develop coal-based jet fuel. The initial focus of the project was the development of a high heat sink fuel, JP-900, that could be used for thermal management, as well as for propulsion energy. In the most recent reporting period the focus shifted to development of a coal-based drop-in replacement for JP-8 fuel.Prototype fuel from hydrogenation of a mixture of light cycle oil and refined chemical oil met or exceeded all but four JP-8 specifications. The fuel had excellent low-temperature viscosity behavior and 0-ring seal swell comparable to JP-8. Deposition from thermal stressing of the fuel in various reactors was invariably lower than JP-8 or JP-8+ 100. Mechanisms of oxidative deposit formation for both jet and diesel fuels were proposed to account for the fact that the chemistry involved in both storage and thermal oxidative deposit formation in middle distillates was similar. The fuel was tested successfully in a T63 turboshaft engine, with emissions only slightly greater than JP-8. SUBJECT TERMSCoal derived jet fuel thermal stability ABSTRACTThis report summarizes briefly the key results of a project for the development of coal-based jet fuel. The initial focus of the project was the development of a high heat sink fuel, JP-900, that could be used for thermal management as well as for propulsion energy. In the last year the focus shifted to development of a coal-based drop-in replacement for JP-8. Prototype fuel from hydrogenation of a mixture of light cycle oil and refined chemical oil met or exc...