Development of an acute, short-term exposure model for phosgene

Hobson, Stephen; Casillas, Robert P.; Richieri, Richard A.; Nishimura, Robert N.; Weisbart, Richard H.; Tuttle, Richard S.; Reynolds, Glenn T.; Parseghian, Missag H.

doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1636170

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dexamethasone and sodium salicylate also failed to protect against phosgene-mediated lung injury in rats (Liu et al 2014). Development of better model system for phosgene exposure may lead to more insights for MCMs for this agent (Hobson et al 2019).…”

Section: Maintenance Of the Snsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Strategic National Stockpile: identification, support, and acquisition of medical countermeasures for CBRN incidents

Neumeister

Gray

2020

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) serves as a repository of materiel, including medical countermeasures (MCMs), that would be used to support the national health security response to a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) incident, either natural or terrorism-related. To support and advance the SNS, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) manages targeted investigatory research portfolios, such as Countermeasures Against Chemical Terrorism (CounterACT) for chemical agents, that coordinate projects covering basic research, drug discovery, and preclinical studies. Project BioShield, managed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Agency (BARDA), guides and supports academia and industry with potential MCMs through the Food & Drug Administration's approval process and ultimately supports the acquisition of successful products into the SNS. Public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the ever-increasing number of MCMs in the SNS present logistical and financial challenges to its maintenance. While MCMs for biological agents have been readily adopted, those for chemical agents have required sustained investments. This paper reviews the methods by which MCMs are identified and supported for inclusion in the SNS, the current status of MCMs for CBRN threats, and challenges with SNS maintenance as well as identifies persistent obstacles for MCM development and acquisition, particularly for ones focused on chemical weapons.

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Section: Maintenance Of the Snsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Strategic National Stockpile: identification, support, and acquisition of medical countermeasures for CBRN incidents

Neumeister

Gray

2020

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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“…In 2021, Patrick Vossnacker's team searched for new synthesis methods of phosgene [10] ; however, it is found susceptible to hydrolysis, which generates chlorine free radicals that have a destructive chain reaction with the ozone layer (Cl + O3 → ClO + O, ClO + O3 → Cl + 2O2) [11] . At present, the research on phosgene mainly includes phosgene toxicity [12,13] , treatment methods after phosgene poisoning [14,15] , and more on the detection methods of phosgene [16][17][18] . Scholars have neglected the harm caused by phosgene when in use; therefore, the problem of phosgene degradation needs to be solved urgently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Characteristic of Phosgene in External Electric Field

Xiang

Abulimiti

et al. 2022

JERA

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Phosgene is highly toxic, and it plays a role in the depletion of the ozone layer. The ground state geometric structure and spectral characteristic of phosgene in various external electric fields were calculated via the density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) basis set. With external electric field, the structure of phosgene changed significantly. With increasing electric field, the bond lengths of 1C-3Cl and 1C-4Cl increased; the total energy and energy gap initially increased and then decreased, whereas the dipole moment initially decreased and then increased. Most of the IR vibrational frequencies were redshifted. The wavelength of the singlet excited state increased, reflecting a red shift, and the oscillator strengths of most transitions belonged to forbidden transitions. These results are of great significance for studying the dissociation of phosgene in external electric field.

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