Development of adsorptive removal process for treatment of explosives contaminated wastewater using activated carbon

Rajagopal, Chitra; Kapoor, J. C.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00179-0

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, a number of biological treatment technologies have been studied to treat DNT-contaminated wastewater (Berchtold et al 1995;Lendenmann et al 1998;Vanderloop et al 1999;Christopher et al 2000;Paca et al 2009;Kuscu and Sponza 2011). In some cases, attempts to enhance performance have involved bioaugmentation (Nishino et al 1999), adsorption (Christopher et al 2000;Rajagopal and Kapoor 2001), advanced oxidation (Kumar and Davis 1997;Bin et al 2001), photodegradation (Celin et al 2003), and electrochemical methods (Doppalapudi et al 2003;Chen and Lin 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-DNT removal in intimately coupled photobiocatalysis: the roles of adsorption, photolysis, photocatalysis, and biotransformation

Wen

Xing

et al. 2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by simultaneous UV-photo(cata)lysis and biodegradation was explored using intimately coupled photolysis/photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) with two novel porous carriers. First, a porous ceramic carrier was used to attach the photocatalyst (TiO₂) on its exterior and accumulate biomass in its interior. UV irradiation alone decomposed 71% of the 2,4-DNT in 60 h, and TiO₂ catalyst improved the photolysis to 77%. Second, a macroporous sponge carrier was used to strongly adsorb 2,4-DNT and protect microorganisms from 2,4-DNT inhibition and UV irradiation. The main photolytic reactions were reduction of the nitryl to amino and hydrolysis of the amino to release NH₄⁺. The main biodegradation reactions were oxidative release of NO₃⁻ and accelerated reductive release of NH₄⁺. ICPB more thoroughly released inorganic N, with nearly equal amounts being oxidized to nitrate and reduced to ammonium. The genera Burkholderia and Bacillus were found inside the sponge carriers, and they are associated with biodegradation of DNT and its photolysis intermediates. Therefore, using an adsorbent and macroporous biofilm carrier enabled the effective removal of 2,4-DNT by ICPB.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-DNT removal in intimately coupled photobiocatalysis: the roles of adsorption, photolysis, photocatalysis, and biotransformation

Wen

Xing

et al. 2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Studies have shown that GAC can be effective in removing NAC from contaminated water at concentrations up to 100 mg/L (Rajagopal and Kapoor, 2001). The most common regeneration process for GAC is thermal regeneration.…”

Section: Granular Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-step treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene via zero-valent metal reduction and chemical oxidation

Thomas

Hernández

Kuo

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Many nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are considered toxic and potential carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated reductive/oxidative process for treating NAC contaminated waters. The process consists of the combination of zero-valent manganese or iron and a hydroxyl radical based treatment technique.Corrosion promoters were added to the contaminated water to minimize passivation of the metallic species. Water contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluen (DNT) was treated with the integrated process using a recirculating batch reactor. It was demonstrated that addition of corrosion promoters to the contaminated water enhanced the rate of reaction of 2,4-DNT with zero-valent iron or manganese. Results showed that iron provided greater reduction of 2,4-DNT than manganese. Chemical oxidation was used to mineralize the reduction products. The degree of mineralization was measured analyzing the samples for total organic carbon and nitrates. A proposed reaction and corrosion mechanisms and rate expressions were developed during the course of the study.ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my late grandmother, Emily Thomas.Her amazing will and determination was seconded only by the love she had for her family. You are missed Nanny, I love you. I would like to thank my colleagues,

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“…A produção, estocagem e disposição de TNT nas instalações militares iniciou-se antes da I Guerra Mundial, embora a grande maioria destas instalações tenha aumentado e intensificado suas atividades durante a II Guerra Mundial [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Na Alemanha e nos EUA há um grande número de locais altamente contaminados por explosivos e munições em geral 9 .…”

Section: A Produção Industrial De Tnt E Seus Efluentesunclassified

“…A produção, o teste e o uso de explosivos, fundamentados quimicamente em compostos nitroaromáticos, vêm desde o século XIX contaminando solos e águas [1][2][3] . No começo do século XX, pesquisadores já tinham desenvolvido mais de 60 novos compostos explosivos 4 , a maioria compostos nitroaromáticos, muitas vezes nitroaromáticos polissubstituídos, como o 2,4,6 trinitrotolueno (TNT), que há muito tempo vem dominando o mercado mundial de explosivos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização física, química e ecotoxicológica de efluente da indústria de fabricação de explosivos

Barreto-Rodrigues¹,

Silva²,

Paiva³

2007

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 21/8/06; aceito em 30/3/07; publicado na web em 6/8/07 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EFFLUENT FROM AN EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY. The production and use of nitroaromatic explosives have resulted in their dissemination into the environment, where their presence in waterways and soil represents an ecological and health hazard. The hazardous characteristics of these compounds need to be carefully studied, so that the impact of their discharge on the environment can be better evaluated. This work presents the characterization of wastewater from Brazilian TNT industry using as analytical techniques mass spectroscopy, chromatography, toxicity assays and other physico-chemical analyses.Keywords: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; mass spectroscopy; toxicity. INTRODUÇÃOA produção, o teste e o uso de explosivos, fundamentados quimicamente em compostos nitroaromáticos, vêm desde o século XIX contaminando solos e águas [1][2][3] . No começo do século XX, pesquisadores já tinham desenvolvido mais de 60 novos compostos explosivos 4 , a maioria compostos nitroaromáticos, muitas vezes nitroaromáticos polissubstituídos, como o 2,4,6 trinitrotolueno (TNT), que há muito tempo vem dominando o mercado mundial de explosivos. A Figura 1 ilustra alguns compostos nitroaromáticos mais comuns.A maioria é tóxica e mutagênica, sendo seus produtos de degradação (arilaminas, aril-hidroxilaminas, produtos condensados como azoxil e azo-compostos) ainda mais tóxicos que seus congêneres nitroaromáticos 3,[5][6][7] . A Agência de Proteção Ambiental Americana (EPA) considera estes compostos como poluentes prioritários, de elevado potencial impactante e atribui limites máximos permissí-veis de 0,1 μg L -1 de TNT em águas e 33 mg kg -1 em solos 8 .A principal fonte de contaminação por compostos nitroaromáticos está associada aos processos industriais. A descarga de rejeitos gerados durante a manufatura e o processamento, bem como o nível de contaminação causado, variam amplamente, dependendo da intensidade das operações de manufatura e da eficácia das tecnologias empregadas no tratamento dos resíduos 3,9,10 . Na remediação de efluentes contendo compostos nitroaromáticos, a biorecalcitrância de seus constituintes torna os procedimentos convencionais de tratamento (biológicos) praticamente inviáveis. Desta forma, o procedimento universalmente adotado é a incineração, de utilização discutível, devido a sua natureza poluidora, pois emite gases como CO 2 , SO 2 e NO x 11,12 . Apesar de sua eficiência e rapidez, a incineração possui outras desvantagens, como alto custo de manutenção e operação, vazamentos, riscos constantes de acidente de trabalho e o não atendimento aos parâmetros legais para emissões gasosas, que têm justificado o estudo de novas propostas 3,6,7,12 . A produção industrial de TNT e seus efluentesA produção, estocagem e disposição de TNT nas instalações militares iniciou-se antes da I Guerra Mundial, embora a grande maioria destas instalações tenha aumentado e intensificado suas atividades durante a II Guerra Mun...

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Development of adsorptive removal process for treatment of explosives contaminated wastewater using activated carbon

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

2,4-DNT removal in intimately coupled photobiocatalysis: the roles of adsorption, photolysis, photocatalysis, and biotransformation

2,4-DNT removal in intimately coupled photobiocatalysis: the roles of adsorption, photolysis, photocatalysis, and biotransformation

Single-step treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene via zero-valent metal reduction and chemical oxidation

Caracterização física, química e ecotoxicológica de efluente da indústria de fabricação de explosivos

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