Development of a water detritiation facility for JET

Perevezentsev, A.; Bell, A.C.; Brennan, P.D.; Hemmerich, J.L.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(02)00253-3

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, significant improvement in sensitivity is required if this technique is to become competitive with MS or laser based optical techniques, or to be applied to systems where concentrations are much lower. In the case of fusion reactor applications, the concentration of tritium in water arising from the exhaust detritiation systems ranges from 25− 250 ppb 37 and other applications such as effluent from fission reactors and contaminated water from Fukushima are many orders of magnitude below this. 38 In order to improve the sensitivity, it would be desirable to find another absorbance peak responsive to deuterium which is both better resolved and larger than the HDO scissoring peak.…”

Section: ■ Signal Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR

et al. 2020

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A method has been developed to reliably quantify the isotopic composition of liquid water, requiring only immersion of a “ReactIR” probe in the sample under test. The accuracy and robustness of this method has been extensively tested using a deuterium/protium system, and substantial improvements in sensitivity were obtained using highly novel chemical signal amplification methods demonstrating a standard deviation of 247 ppb D (a δD of 1.6 ‰). This compares favorably with other more costly and time-consuming techniques and is over 20 times more sensitive than any previously published FTIR study. Computational simulations of a model system match the experimental data and show how these methods can be adapted to a tritium/protium system.

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Section: ■ Signal Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR

et al. 2020

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“…Tritium extraction from water is a difficult task with significant impact on plant size and cost (R&D topic 8). In ITER, tritium removal from water is performed in the water detritiation system (WDS) by means of the CECE process (combination of electrolysis and catalytic exchange) [24] which reduces the total amount of tritiated water via tritium enrichment at the electrolyser and at the same time achieves decontamination factors of several orders of magnitude along the liquid phase catalytic exchange column [34]. At this stage, the CECE process (having reached a score of 65%) appears the best choice also for the DEMO water coolant purification system even if main drawbacks (like investment cost for platinum catalyst, operating cost for the electrolysers, and explosion risk with electrolysis) have to be overcome in view of a larger scale plant.…”

Section: Technology Review and Gap Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of the technology survey and gap analysis on the EU DEMO R&D programme in tritium, matter injection and vacuum

Day

Butler

Giegerich

et al. 2016

Fusion Engineering and Design

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In the framework of the EUROfusion Programme, EU is preparing the conceptual design of the inner fuel cycle of a pulsed tokamak DEMO. This paper illustrates a quantified process to shape a R&D programme that exploits as much as possible previous R&D. In an initial step, the high-level requirements are collected and a novel DEMO inner fuel cycle architecture with its three subsystems vacuum pumping, matter injection (fuelling and injection of plasma enhancement gases) and tritium systems (tritium plant and breeder coolant purification) is delineated, driven by the DEMO key challenge to reduce tritium inventory. Then, a technology survey is carried out to review potential existing solutions for the required process functions and to assess their maturity and risks. Finally, a decision-making scheme is applied to select the most promising candidates. ITER technology is exploited where possible. As a primary result, a fuel cycle architecture is suggested with an advanced tritium plant that avoids full isotope separation in the main loop and with a Direct Internal Recycling path in the vacuum systems to shorten cycle times. For core fuelling, classical inboard pellet injection technology is selected, in principle similar to that proposed for ITER but aiming for higher launch speeds to achieve deep fuelling of the DEMO plasma. Based on these findings, a tailored R&D programme is shaped that tackles the key questions until 2020.

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“…Well-proven processes for the treatment of tritiated water use water distillation and water/gas catalytic exchange that, in turn, could be combined with electrolysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Although these processes are characterised by large energy consumption (heat and/or electricity), they rely on well-developed technology and have been applied worldwide in several plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography and Thermal Cycling Absorption Techniques for Hydrogen Isotopes Separation in Water Detritiation Systems

Tosti

2023

Hydrogen

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This work introduces state-of-the-art water detritiation processes and discusses the main technologies and materials adopted. Focus is given to the gas chromatography (GC) and the thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP), which are studied as potential back-end technologies for tritium recovery through a water detritiation system designed for a small-scale unit. GC and the TCAP are evaluated critically in order to establish their applicability for the final purification of the DT stream recovered at the bottom of the cryo-distillation column of a water detritiation unit. Both solutions (GC and the TCAP with an inverse column) exhibit safe and feasible operation modes and are characterised by a good technological level; furthermore, both of these processes meet the main design specifications required by the proposed application. However, the use of GC is preferred, since this system can operate with modest temperature cycling and producing streams (D2 and T2) of better purity.

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Development of a water detritiation facility for JET

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR

Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR

Consequences of the technology survey and gap analysis on the EU DEMO R&D programme in tritium, matter injection and vacuum

Gas Chromatography and Thermal Cycling Absorption Techniques for Hydrogen Isotopes Separation in Water Detritiation Systems

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