Development of a Validated Diabetes Risk Chart as a Simple Tool to Predict the Onset of Diabetes in Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Objective To develop a simple, non-invasive tool for predicting the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology. A total of 4418 nondiabetic respondents living in Bogor were included in this cohort study. Their ages ranged from 25 to 60 years old and were followed for 6 years with interviews, physical examinations and laboratory tests. The investigators used logistic regression to create a tool for diabetes risk determination. Results The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 17.9%. Risk factors significantly associated with T2DM included age, obesity, central obesity, hypertension and lack of physical activity. The Bogor Diabetes Risk Prediction (BDRP) chart had a cut-off of 0.128, with sensitivity of 76.6% and specificity of 50.3%. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 21.6% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 92.3%. The Area under the Curve (AUC) was 0.70 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.675-0.721. Conclusion The BDRP chart is a simple and non-invasive tool to predict T2DM. In addition, the BDRP chart is reliable and can be easily used in primary health care.

Metabolite profiling of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) in the flowering development phase

“…The metabolite compounds detected were the same in all three phases of butterfly pea flower development, total 16 compound (Tabel 1a, 1b and 1c. [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], antibacterial [17], [18], antidiabetic [14], [15], [19], [20], antimicrobial [21], antitumor [20], anti-inflammatory [12], immunomodulatory [22], antifungal [18], and there are several compounds whose bioactivity is unknown.…”