Development of a total analytical system by interfacing membrane extraction, pervaporation and high-performance liquid chromatography

Microscale membrane extraction of diverse antibiotics from water

“…Some compounds may take quite long to reach equilibrium, and it may not be practical to wait for equilibration. In that case a pseudo equilibrium is adequate [19][20][21]. As seen in Fig.…”

“…Often the extractant is lost by diffusion into the sample matrix. This has been described in detail in previous publications [19][20][21]. Some compounds may take quite long to reach equilibrium, and it may not be practical to wait for equilibration.…”

“…The pH of the sample solution was varied in the acidic range while that of the acceptor was varied in the basic range. Based on prior studies [17][18][19][20][21], 1-octanol and DHE were investigated as extractants with TOPO as the carrier. Since, TOPO may reduce the membrane's lifetime and reduce EF, a 15% TOPO solution was chosen as the maximum concentration to be investigated.…”

Electro‐driven extraction of inorganic anions from water samples and water miscible organic solvents and analysis by ion chromatography

“…This technique has notable advantages such as direct introduction of untreated samples, analyte preconcentration, elimination of interferences, convenience to couple with GC, HPLC, IC, etc. . In the HF‐LPME procedure, the neutral analyte is preferred.…”

Using hog intestine as the membrane in a supported liquid membrane (SLM) for separation and enrichment of nicotine compounds from tobacco

“…polysulfone, polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE), and polypropylene. [42][43][44] These materials are articial and not environmentally friendly, and may therefore lead to environmental pollution if used a lot. For instance, there are a lot of biolms that meet the requirements of a supporting body.…”