Development of a time temperature integrator for quantification of thermal treatment in scraped surface heat exchangers

Kinetics of Thermal‐Degradation of Betanins: A Teaching Mini‐Project for Undergraduates Employing the Red Beet

“…The student must have at this moment well solidified the concepts of process variables: cost of production and kinetic data (temperature, reaction velocity, and reaction order).Thus, a first‐order reaction would simplify mathematical calculations. In addition, studies by Gonçalves, Di Genova, Dörr, Pinto, and Bastos (), Mabit, Belhamri, Fayolle, and Legrand (), Saguy, Kopelman, and Mizrahi (), and Shaaruddin, Ghazali, Mirhosseini, and Muhammad () have already found that the degradation of betanins follows first‐order reaction kinetics. Thus, the mathematical treatment used to collect data is simple showing the feasibility of the proposal.…”

Modeling of continuous thermal processing of a non-Newtonian liquid food under diffusive laminar flow in a tubular system

“…On the other hand, liquid foods with higher viscosity or with particulates, such as purees, pulps, sauces or concentrated juices, need to be processed in tubular systems [11,12]. Since the flow is laminar, there is a significant spread on the residence time distribution in the equipment and the heat transfer through the food is slower than in turbulent flow.…”

Konjac Glucomannan as a Carrier Material for Time—Temperature Integrator

“…Nylon (Hendrickx et al, 1992), polyacetal (Weng et al, 1991), real food (Guiavarch et al, 2002;Tucker et al, 2002;Mehauden et al, 2007;Mabit et al, 2008) and alginate beads (Heppel, 1985) have been investigated as carrier materials. Considering the requirement of TTI carrier, alginate beads seem to be an appropriate carrier due to the similar thermal diffusivity and density of the real food.…”