Development of a technology for utilizing the electroplating wastes by applying a ferritization method to the alkaline­activated materials

Development of ferritization processing of galvanic waste involving the energy­saving electromagnetic pulse activation of the process

“…The sediments, which were obtained by the thermal and electromagnetic pulse activation of the waste recycling process, as opposed to the sediments from a low-temperature ferritization, are chemically stable and have real environmentally safe ways of disposal. For example, they can be used to produce construction, ferrite, pigment, and sorptive materials [22][23][24][25].…”

Development of technology of utilization of products of ferritization processing of galvanic waste in the composition of alkaline cements

“…When introducing 30 wt % of sludge in cement, there is a loss of strength characteristics of the material within 50 % (Table 4). As shown by the analysis of previous studies [22], when introducing 5.5 to 7.5 wt % of ferrite sludge as a filler to alkaline cements, the strength is stabilized to 43 MPa. Such a strength of the material corresponds to the composition of the comparison cement (without ferrite sludge).…”

“…It is proved that the degree of immobilization of heavy metals at a ferrite sludge content of 30 wt % in cement even during leaching in the acidic medium is 99.98 % ( Table 2). The results of the studies based on previous results [22] indicate that heavy metals are bound at the chemical level, entering the structure of formations of the resulting materials, which ensures their reliable fixation. Obviously, heavy metals are included in the structure of submicrocrystalline formations of alkaline cements, which is confirmed by very low leaching rates of these metals from the matrix.…”

“…Alkaline cements reliably fix radioactive and heavy metals in their structure not only at the physical but also at the chemical level [21]. In [22], the possibility of adding ferrite sludge in the range of 5.5 to 7.5 wt % (content of the metal ferrite phase in the sludge ≥90 %) in alkaline cements as a filler is shown. The deviation of the strength of the obtained alkaline cements from standard analogues does not exceed 5 %.…”

“…However, in [22], the issues concerning the stability of ferrite sludge under different environmental conditions remained unresolved. That is why the study of the degree of leaching of heavy metals from ferrite sludge contributes to the development of their environmentally friendly utilization, as well as energy and resource saving in galvanic production.…”