Development of a suspension copolymerization process for bone cement production

PRS 1 paraffin wax was encapsulated by means of suspension-like copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with butyl acrylate (BA). The effects of the polymeric shell dry glass transition temperature (T g ) and the reaction temperature (T r ) were then studied. Additionally, the evolution of particle diameter, molecular weight, conversion, and T g during polymerization was also researched. The chemical properties of the shell material (acrylic polymer), together with those found in the core material (PRS 1 paraffin wax), for instance: polarity and interfacial tensions, largely determine whether the morphology of the microcapsules will be thermodynamically favored or not. The high polarity of MMA (c 0 ¼ 18 mN m 21 ) and BA (c 0 ¼ 24 mN m 21 ) should provide a thermodynamic driving force to cover the paraffin wax droplet which would result in a core/ shell thermodynamically favored structure. However, most systems are defined by kinetics rather than thermodynamics such as the monomers dry T g and T r . It was observed that penetration of polymer radical chains was severely limited when the dry T g was 108C above the reaction temperature, resulting in irregular and undifferentiated particles. However, penetration did occur when the copolymeric shell dry T g was 108C below the reaction temperature which led to uniform and spherical particles being synthesized. POLYM. ENG.

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“…, the system behavior analyzed corresponded to the latter. These results were previously reported by Cordoví et al and Sánchez et al .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of the dry glass transition temperature on the synthesis of paraffin microcapsules obtained by suspension-like polymerization

et al. 2013

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“…Experiments were carried out following the method described in the bibliography [ 46 ]. First, water and PVP were charged into the reactor by fixing the agitation at 400 rpm and heating until 60 °C was reached.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) Particles for Selective Removal of Bilirubin

et al. 2022

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Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the main causes of death in patients with severe hepatic problems, which justifies the research for bilirubin removal solutions. In this study, St-MMA particles with PEGMA and/or GMA brushes were synthesized. First, the recipe for St-MMA was optimized and then adapted for PEGMA and GMA incorporation. Different solvents were then assayed to improve the BSA immobilization capacity of the particles. Ethyl lactate proved to be the best solvent, reaching a BSA immobilization capacity improvement of up to 60% for St-MMA-GMA-PEGMA particles. These particles also presented the best results for BR removal from PBS. No significant differences in the final capacity for BR removal from PBS media were observed when BSA was attached to the particles; however, the kinetics were greatly improved, requiring half the time. Finally, St-MMA-GMA-PEGMA particles that were wetted in EL with BSA reduced the bilirubin concentration in plasma from levels that threaten the survival of critical patients to levels close to those of healthy individuals in less than 30 min. On the contrary, particles without BSA were unable to remove bilirubin from plasma. Thus, the attachment of albumin to the particles plays a key role in selectively reducing bilirubin levels.

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Polymethyl methacrylate/montmorillonite nanocomposite beads through a suspension polymerization‐derived process

Kim

Park

Shin

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer beads with montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared using a suspension polymerization method for applying acrylic bone cements. The polymer beads were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to examine MMT dispersion. The change in the shape and size of the polymer beads due to the preparation conditions, such as stirring speed, degree of polymerization, and concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a suspension stabilizer, and MMT contents, etc. was observed by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. The prepared polymer beads were composed of polymer-intercalated nanocomposites with partially exfoliated MMT layers. The size of the polymer beads was decreased by increasing the stirring speed. The bead size was decreased with increasing the degree of polymerization and the concentration of PVA molecules. MMT addition into the monomer portion increased the size of the corresponding polymer beads. The bead size was slightly reduced by adding of styrene to the MMA solution. The incorporation of PMMA into monomer portion enlarged the bead size.

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Development of a suspension copolymerization process for bone cement production

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of the dry glass transition temperature on the synthesis of paraffin microcapsules obtained by suspension-like polymerization

The effect of the dry glass transition temperature on the synthesis of paraffin microcapsules obtained by suspension-like polymerization

Functionalization of Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) Particles for Selective Removal of Bilirubin

Polymethyl methacrylate/montmorillonite nanocomposite beads through a suspension polymerization‐derived process

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