Development of a State-of-the-Art Dry Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor for IGCC with CCS

Abstract

The successful development of the coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) requires gas turbines capable of achieving dry low nitrogen oxide (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas fuels for low emissions and high plant efficiency. This chapter describes the development of a "multi-cluster combustor" as a state-of-the-art dry low NOx combustor for hydrogen-rich syngas fuels.The combustor consists of multiple clusters of pairs of one fuel nozzle and one air hole that are installed coaxially. The essence of the design concept is the integration of two key technologies: rapid mixing of fuel and air for low NOx and flame lifting for flashbackresistant combustion. The combustor has been developed in three steps: burner development, combustor development, and feasibility demonstration for practical plants. The combustor was tested with a practical syngas fuel in a multi-can combustor configuration in an IGCC pilot plant in the final step. The combustor achieved the dry low NOx combustion of the syngas fuel in the pilot plant and the test results demonstrated the feasibility for achieving dry low NOx combustion of the syngas fuel in practical plants.

Reviewing H2 Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

“…The United States Department of Energy (DOE) aims to reduce NO x emissions to <2 ppm at 15% O 2 , and the European Council announced, in 2007, a target of 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions . Even though these efforts have been successful in some cases, carbon-based fuels are currently still the most preferred primary fuel source, , especially in power generation. , Inherent in carbon-based fuels is the production of large quantities of greenhouse gases. − Fortunately, H 2 has been proposed as an alternative carbon-free fuel that can be used to produce power . Several techniques through which power can be obtained from H 2 have also been proposed.…”

“…Several techniques through which power can be obtained from H 2 have also been proposed. Some of these techniques include the use of burners, fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and gas turbines …”

“…Recently, the focus of combustion systems research has shifted toward the development of combustion technologies for hydrogen/syngas operation downstream of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems. ,− For integrated coal gasification, the coal is gasified, CO 2 is captured, and almost pure H 2 becomes available for combustion in gas turbines.…”

“…2 Even though these efforts have been successful in some cases, carbon-based fuels are currently still the most preferred primary fuel source, 3,4 especially in power generation. 5,6 Inherent in carbon-based fuels is the production of large quantities of greenhouse gases. 7−9 Fortunately, H 2 has been proposed as an alternative carbon-free fuel that can be used to produce power.…”

“…Some of these techniques include the use of burners, 4 fuel cells, 11 internal combustion engines, 12 and gas turbines. 6 About 80% of international power production is from gas and steam turbines, 13 with modern gas turbine efficiencies reaching up to 42% in single and 61% in combined cycles. 14 Combined cycle gas turbines represent one of the most efficient technologies, especially in large-scale stationary power applications.…”