Development of a Range of Anatomically Realistic Renal Artery Flow Phantoms

King, Deirdre; Ring, Michael; Moran, Carmel M.; Browne, Jacinta E.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.04.017

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the wall-less flow phantom, the BMF was in direct contact with the agar based TMM (developed as per Terlinck et al (1998)), while in the walled flow phantom a vessel wall was between the BMF and the TMM. The vessel geometry used to fabricate these phantoms was based on the anatomically realistic renal artery models previously described by King et al (2010), where a 3D computer model of a healthy renal artery was generated from a clinical 3D CT dataset using the following procedure: The computer model of the renal artery was exported into a rapid prototyping machine (Model: Z printer 310 Plus 3D, Zcorporation, MA, USA), from which a physical model of the artery was produced with a diameter of 6.8 mm. The physical model thus produced was then used to create a master silicone negative mould, into which a low melting point alloy (melting point: 47 °C, MCP 47, Mining and Chemical Products Ltd., Northamptonshire, UK) was poured.…”

Section: Measurement Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Pva-c + Bc (Batch mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

King¹,

Moran

McNamara³

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, (PVA-C) is presented as a vessel mimicking material for use in anatomically realistic Doppler flow phantoms. Three different batches of 10 % wt PVA-C containing (i) PVA-C alone, (ii) PVA-C with anti-bacterial agent and (iii) PVA-C with silicon carbide particles were produced, each with 1 to 6 freeze-thaw cycles. The resulting PVA-C samples were characterized acoustically (over a range 2.65 -10.5 MHz) and mechanically in order to determine the optimum mixture and preparation for mimicking the properties of healthy and diseased arteries found in vivo. This optimum mix was reached with the PVA-C with anti-bacterial agent sample, prepared after 2 freeze/thaw cycles, which achieved a speed of sound of 1538 ± 5 m s -1 and a Young's elastic modulus of 79 ± 11kPa.This material was used to make a range of anatomically-realistic flow phantoms with varying degrees of stenoses, and subsequent flow experiments revealed that higher degrees of stenoses and higher velocities could be achieved without phantom rupturing compared to a phantom containing conventional wall-less vessels. KeywordsPolyvinyl alcohol cryogel, vessel mimic, ultrasound phantom, anatomically realistic flow phantom, acoustic and mechanical characterisation 1

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Section: Measurement Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Pva-c + Bc (Batch mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

King¹,

Moran

McNamara³

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…More anatomically complex flow phantoms have also been developed for evaluation of new techniques and for training purposes [2]. The research in this area of phantom development has focussed mainly in the production of carotid artery bifurcation and renal artery phantoms, which aim to mimic the complexity found at these locations with respect to both anatomy/ morphology and flow perfusion [14,21,23,24,26]. For a more comprehensive evaluation of the different design aspects of flow phantoms, the reader is referred to two reviews by Hoskins [2,31].…”

Section: Flow Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Doppler ultrasound quality assurance protocols and test devices

Browne¹

2014

Physica Medica

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper, an overview of Doppler ultrasound quality assurance (QA) testing will be presented in three sections. The first section will review the different Doppler ultrasound parameters recommended by professional bodies for use in QA protocols. The second section will include an evaluation and critique of the main test devices used to assess Doppler performance, while the final section of this paper will discuss which of the wide range of test devices have been found to be most suitable for inclusion in Doppler QA programmes. Pulsed Wave Spectral Doppler, Colour Doppler Imaging QA test protocols have been recommended over the years by various professional bodies, including the UK's Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), the American Institute for Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). However, despite the existence of such recommended test protocols, very few commercial or research test devices exist which can measure the full range of both PW Doppler ultrasound and colour Doppler imaging performance parameters, particularly quality control measurements such as: (i) Doppler sensitivity (ii) colour Doppler spatial resolution (iii) colour Doppler temporal resolution (iv) colour Doppler velocity resolution (v) clutter filter performance and (vi) tissue movement artefact suppression. In this review, the merits of the various commercial and research test devices will be considered and a summary of results obtained from published studies which have made use of some of these Doppler test devices, such as the flow, string, rotating and belt phantom, will be presented.© 2014 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe importance of assessing the quality of Doppler ultrasound systems is apparent considering that the result or product of Doppler ultrasound examinations is frequently directed toward a well-defined clinical question concerning blood flow [1]. For example, Doppler ultrasound is used to determine the level of stenosis by examining the changes in blood flow in the vessel of interest, and to determine whether flow is present in a tight stenosis. Another use is to determine if changes have occurred in blood flow in transplanted kidneys [1e3]. Indeed, the use of Doppler ultrasound has become more widespread over the last decade, largely due to advances in transducer technology, digital electronics and clutter filter algorithms, with a corresponding improvement in the Doppler sensitivity, axial resolution within the sample volume and the low velocity detection capabilities of modern systems [3]. With this increasing use of Doppler ultrasound techniques, it is of paramount importance that ultrasound systems meet the requirements of each of the different clinical applications and that the quality of the information is maintained throughout the lifetime of the ultrasound system. To this end, performance and quality control tests are carried out to determine firstly that th...

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“…To ensure the entire metal alloy was removed from the stenosed phantoms, the metal core was wrapped in cling film prior to its placement in the phantom container and the addition of the TMM. Thus, when the phantom was heated, the entire liquefied metal alloy was removed together with the cling film [15].…”

Section: Tmm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional information regarding the manufacture of these phantoms is provided elsewhere [15]. Reproduced with permission [15] In addition to providing a realistic comparison of the imaging modalities, it was important to ensure that the image acquisition parameters used in each case reflected those used clinically. Such parameters are often determined automatically by the …”

Section: Tmm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative imaging study in ultrasound, MRI, CT, and DSA using a multimodality renal artery phantom

King¹,

Fagan

Moran

et al. 2011

Medical Physics

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Purpose: A range of anatomically-realistic multi-modality renal artery phantoms consisting of vessels with varying degrees of stenosis was developed and evaluated using four imaging techniques currently used to detect renal artery stenosis (RAS).The spatial resolution required to visualize vascular geometry and the velocity detection performance required to adequately characterize blood flow in patients suffering from RAS is currently ill-defined, with the result that no one imaging modality has emerged as a gold standard technique for screening for this disease. Methods:The phantoms, which contained a range of stenosis values (0, 30, 50, 70 and 85%), were designed for use with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography and X-ray digital subtraction angiography. The construction materials used were optimized with respect to their ultrasonic speed of sound and attenuation coefficient, MR relaxometry (T 1 , T 2 ) properties, and Hounsfield number / X-ray attenuation coefficient, with a design capable of tolerating high-pressure pulsatile flow. Fiducial targets, incorporated into the phantoms to allow for 1 2 registration of images among modalities, were chosen to minimize geometric distortions.Results: High quality distortion-free images of the phantoms with good contrast between vessel lumen, fiducial markers and background tissue to visualize all stenoses were obtained with each modality. Quantitative assessments of the grade of stenosis revealed significant discrepancies between modalities, with each underestimating the stenosis severity for the higher-stenosed phantoms (70% and 85%) by up to 14%, with the greatest discrepancy attributable to DSA. Conclusions:The design and construction of a range of anatomically-realistic renal artery phantoms containing varying degrees of stenosis is described. Images obtained using the main four diagnostic techniques used to detect RAS were free from artifacts and exhibited adequate contrast to allow for quantitative measurements of the degree of stenosis in each phantom. Such multi-modality phantoms may prove useful in evaluating current and emerging US, MRI, CT and DSA technology.

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Development of a Range of Anatomically Realistic Renal Artery Flow Phantoms

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

A review of Doppler ultrasound quality assurance protocols and test devices

Comparative imaging study in ultrasound, MRI, CT, and DSA using a multimodality renal artery phantom

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