Development of a portable field rainfall simulator for use in hillside vineyard runoff and erosion studies

Battany, Mark C.; Grismer, Mark E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<1119::aid-hyp8>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Drop forming rainfall simulators were designed and calibrated to specifications outlined by Battany and Grismer (11). Surface runoff from simulations was collected as volume intervals and time recorded for calculation of runoff rate (see the supporting information section for more detail on this and other aspects of the experimental procedures).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation Effects and the Off-Target Transport of Pyrethroid Insecticides from Urban Hard Surfaces

Jorgenson

Young

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlled rainfall experiments utilizing drop forming rainfall simulators were conducted to study various factors contributing to off-target transport of off-the-shelf formulated pyrethroid insecticides from concrete surfaces. Factors evaluated included active ingredient, product formulation, time between application and rainfall (set time), and rainfall intensity. As much as 60% and as little as 0.8% of pyrethroid applied could be recovered in surface runoff depending primarily on product formulation, and to a lesser extent on product set time. Resulting wash-off profiles during one-hour storm simulations could be categorized based on formulation, with formulations utilizing emulsifying surfactants rather than organic solvents resulting in unique wash-off profiles with overall higher wash-off efficiency. These higher wash-off efficiency profiles were qualitatively replicated by applying formulation-free neat pyrethroid in the presence of independently applied linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactant, suggesting that the surfactant component of some formulated products may be influential in pyrethroid wash-off from urban hard surfaces.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation Effects and the Off-Target Transport of Pyrethroid Insecticides from Urban Hard Surfaces

Jorgenson

Young

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The spatial distribution of the rainfall intensity was tested by taking measurements of the rain amount at 15 points using small plastic cups over the 2 m 2 plot area. The collected rain amount data were then used in the Christiansen uniformity formula (Abudi et al, 2012;Battany and Grismer, 2000). The spatial distribution of the rainfall intensity over the study area is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rain Intensity and Initial Soil Moisture on Hydrological Responses in Laboratory Conditions

Darvishan¹,

Banasik²,

Sadeghi³

et al. 2015

International Agrophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A b s t r a c t. Although the possibility of measuring and analysing all parts of the rainfall, infiltration, runoff, and erosion process as a natural hydrologic cycle in field conditions is still one of the more unattainable goals in the hydrological sciences, it can be accomplished in laboratory conditions as a way to understand the whole process. The initial moisture content is one of the most effective factors on soil infiltration, runoff, and erosion responses. The present research was conducted on a 2 m 2 laboratory plot at a slope of 9% on a typical sandy-loam soil. The effects of the initial soil moisture content on the infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes were studied at four levels of initial soil moisture content (12, 25, 33, and 40 volumetric percentage) and two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm h -1 ). The results showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between rainfall intensity and downstream splash, with r = 0.87. The results reflected the theory of hydrological responses, showing significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations with r =-0. 93, 0.98, -0.83, 0.88, and 0.73 between the initial soil moisture content and the time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient, drainage as a part of the infiltrated water, downstream splash, and total outflow sediment, respectively.

show abstract

“…The literature on rainfall simulators is extensive; for a more complete review see Battany and Grismer (2000). The standard small-or laboratory-scale (1 m 2 or smaller) rainfall simulator is a drip tank (Cerdà et al, 1997;Foster et al, 2000;Fernandez-Galvez et al, 2008, and many others).…”

Section: T G Wilson Et Al: Plot-scale Rainfall Simulation and Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and testing of a large, transportable rainfall simulator for plot-scale runoff and parameter estimation

Wilson

Cortis

Montaldo

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. There is increased interest in the interplay between vegetation conditions and overland flow generation. The literature is unclear on this relationship, and there is little quantitative guidance for modeling efforts. Therefore, experimental efforts are needed, and these call for a lightweight transportable plot-scale (> 10 m 2 ) rainfall simulator that can be deployed quickly and quickly redeployed over various vegetation cover conditions. Accordingly, a variable-intensity rainfall simulator and collection system was designed and tested in the laboratory and in the field. The system was tested with three configurations of common pressure washing nozzles producing rainfall intensities of 62, 43, and 32 mm h −1 with uniformity coefficients of 76, 65, and 62 %, respectively, over a plot of 15.12 m 2 . Field tests were carried out on a grassy field with silt-loam soil in Orroli, Sardinia, in July and August 2010, and rainfall, soil moisture, and runoff data were collected. The two-term Philip infiltration model was used to find optimal values for the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface and bulk soil, soil water retention curve slope, and air entry suction head. Optimized hydraulic conductivity values were similar to both the measured final infiltration rate and literature values for saturated hydraulic conductivity. This inexpensive (less than USD 1000) rainfall simulator can therefore be used to identify field parameters needed for hydrologic modeling.

show abstract

Development of a portable field rainfall simulator for use in hillside vineyard runoff and erosion studies

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Formulation Effects and the Off-Target Transport of Pyrethroid Insecticides from Urban Hard Surfaces

Formulation Effects and the Off-Target Transport of Pyrethroid Insecticides from Urban Hard Surfaces

Effects of Rain Intensity and Initial Soil Moisture on Hydrological Responses in Laboratory Conditions

Development and testing of a large, transportable rainfall simulator for plot-scale runoff and parameter estimation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About