Development of a Porcine Bladder Acellular Matrix with Well-Preserved Extracellular Bioactive Factors for Tissue Engineering

Yang, Bin; Zhang, Yifen; Zhou, Liuhua; Sun, Zhen; Zheng, Junhua; Chen, Yun; Dai, Yutian

doi:10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0311

Cited by 178 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is therefore recommended to utilize it for short periods of time to prevent damage against the basic components of ECM. On the other hand, the harsh characteristics of trypsin can be used for membrane disruption, increasing the efficiency of subsequent decellularization treatments 44 .…”

Section: Biological Decellularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical decellularization: a promising approach for preparation of extracellular matrix

Hrebíková¹,

Díaz²,

Mokrý³

2015

BIOMED PAP

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Background.A biological scaffold from extracellular matrix can be produced by a variety of decellularization methods whose caveat consists in efficiently eliminating cells from the treated tissue. This scaffold can be used in diverse applications for tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Preservation of the extracellular matrix ultrastructure is highly desirable because of its unique architecture, contained growth factors and decreased immunological response. All of these properties provide attachment sites and adequate environment for cells colonizing this scaffold, reconstituting the decellularized organ. This review briefly describes chemical decellularization methods, evaluation of these protocols and the role of ECM in tissue engineering. Conclusion. Chemical decellularization is an often used method for scaffold preparation and makes possible a wellpreserved three dimensional structure of extracellular matrix.

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Section: Biological Decellularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical decellularization: a promising approach for preparation of extracellular matrix

Hrebíková¹,

Díaz²,

Mokrý³

2015

BIOMED PAP

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“…A majority of protocols that decellularize nerve grafts are based on those developed by Sondell et al (Sondell et al, 1998) and Hudson et al(Hudson et al, 2004b) that predominantly use chemical decellularization agents. It has been shown for other tissues that enzymatic treatment with nucleases (Crapo et al, 2011;Mangold et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2010) enhances removal of immunogenic components from decellularized nerves. Hence, our first aim was to test the effects of an optimized decellularization process using chemical and enzymatic reagents on the biochemical components and nerve architecture of rat sciatic nerve sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decellularized grafts with axially aligned channels for peripheral nerve regeneration

Sridharan

Reilly

Buckley

2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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At least 2 million people worldwide suffer annually from peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), with estimated costs of $7 billion incurred due to paralysis alone. The current "gold" standard for treatment of PNI is the autograft, which poses disadvantages such as high fiscal cost, possible loss of sensation at donor site and the requirement of two surgeries. Allografts are viable alternatives; however, intensive immunosuppressive treatments are often necessary to prevent host rejection. For this reason, significant efforts have been made to remove cellular material from allografts. These decellularized nerve grafts perform better than other clinically available grafts but not as well as autografts; therefore, current research on these grafts includes the incorporation of additional components such as growth factors and cells to provide chemical guidance to regenerating axons. However, effective cellular and axonal penetration is not achieved due to the small pore size (5-10μm) of the decellularized grafts.The overall objective of this study was to induce axially aligned channels in decellularized nerve grafts to facilitate enhanced cell penetration. The specific aims of this study were to optimize a decellularization method to enhance cellular removal, to induce axially aligned pore formation in decellularized grafts through a novel unidirectional freeze drying method, to study the bulk mechanical properties of these modified decellularized grafts and to assess cell penetration into these grafts. To this end we modified an existing decellularization protocol to improve cellular removal while preserving matrix structure in rat sciatic nerve sections. Standard freeze drying and unidirectional freeze drying were employed to impart the necessary pore architecture, and our results suggest that unidirectional freezing is a pertinent modification to the freeze drying process to obtain axially aligned channels. These highly porous scaffolds obtained using unidirectional freeze-drying possessed similar tensile properties to native nerve tissue and exhibited enhanced cellular penetration after 14 days of culture when compared to non-freeze dried and standard freeze-dried scaffolds. The results of this study not only highlight the importance of aligned pores of diameters ~20-60μm on cellular infiltration, but also presents unidirectional freeze drying as a viable technique for producing this required architecture in decellularized nerves. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to manipulate the physical structure of decellularized nerves to enhance cell penetration which may serve as a basis for future peripheral nerve regenerative strategies using decellularized allografts.

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“…This hypothesis is supported by the pattern of cellular depletion we noted in lymph nodes treated with CHAPS or Triton-X (i.e., mostly depleted in the cortex) as well as previous studies demonstrating that SDS is more effective than Triton X-100 for removing nuclei from dense tissues and organs. 8,24,25 An alternative method to achieve decellularization may be in vivo perfusion with detergents thus enabling bypass of the lymph node capsule. 9,20 However, this method is likely less clinically applicable due to potential difficulties in perfusionfixation of human donor tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decellularized Lymph Nodes as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineered Lymph Nodes

Cuzzone

Albano

Aschen

et al. 2015

Lymphatic Research and Biology

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Background: The lymphatic system is commonly injured during cancer treatment. However, despite the morbidity of these injuries, there are currently no options for replacing damaged lymphatics. The purpose of this study was to optimize methods for decellularization of murine lymph nodes (LN) and to determine if these scaffolds can be used to tissue engineer lymph node-like structures. Methods and Results: LNs were harvested from adult mice and subjected to various decellularization protocols. The degree of decellularization and removal of nuclear material was analyzed histologically and quantitatively using DNA isolation. In addition, we analyzed histological architecture by staining for matrix proteins. After the optimal method of decellularization was identified, decellularized constructs were implanted in the renal capsule of syngeneic or allogeneic recipient mice and analyzed for antigenicity. Finally, to determine if decellularized constructs could deliver lymphocytes to recipient animals, the matrices were repopulated with splenocytes, implanted in submuscular pockets, and harvested 14 days later. Decellularization was best accomplished with the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), resulting in negligible residual cellular material but maintenance of LN architecture. Implantation of decellularized LNs into syngeneic or allogeneic mice did not elicit a significant antigenic response. In addition, repopulation of decellularized LNs with splenocytes resulted in successful in vivo cellular delivery. Conclusions: We show, for the first time, that LNs can be successfully decellularized and that these matrices have preserved extracellular matrix architecture and the potential to deliver leukocytes in vivo. Future studies are needed to determine if tissue engineered lymph nodes maintain immunologic function.

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Development of a Porcine Bladder Acellular Matrix with Well-Preserved Extracellular Bioactive Factors for Tissue Engineering

Cited by 178 publications

References 49 publications

Chemical decellularization: a promising approach for preparation of extracellular matrix

Chemical decellularization: a promising approach for preparation of extracellular matrix

Decellularized grafts with axially aligned channels for peripheral nerve regeneration

Decellularized Lymph Nodes as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineered Lymph Nodes

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