We sought to biologically characterize and identify a subpopulation of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) with the capacity for multipotent differentiation. We demonstrated that single USCs can expand to a large population with 60-70 population doublings. Nine of 15 individual USC clones expressed detectable levels of telomerase and have long telomeres. These cells expressed pericyte and mesenchymal stem cell markers. Upon induction with appropriate media in vitro, USCs differentiated into bladder-associated cell types, including functional urothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages.When the differentiated USCs were seeded onto a scaffold and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, multilayered tissue-like structures formed consisting of urothelium and smooth muscle. Additionally, USCs were able to differentiate into endothelial, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, skeletal myogenic, and neurogenic lineages but did not form teratomas during the 1-month study despite telomerase activity. USCs may be useful in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications, including urogenital reconstruction.
We demonstrate the strategies and principles for the performance improvement of layered semiconductor based photodetectors using multilayer indium selenide (InSe) as the model materials. It is discovered that multiple reflection interference at the interfaces in phototransistor device leads to thickness-dependent photo-response, which provide a guideline to improve the performance of layered semiconductor based phototransistors. The responsivity and detectivity of InSe nanosheets phototransistor can be adjustable using applied gate voltage. Our InSe nanosheets phototransistor exhibits ultrahigh responsivity and detectivity. An ultrahigh external photo-responsivity of ~10 4 AW -1 can be achieved during broad spectra ranging from UV to near infrared wavelength from our InSe nanosheets photodetectors. The detectivity of multilayer InSe devices is ~ 10 12 ~ 10 13 Jones, which surpasses that of currentlyexploited InGaAs photodetectors (10 11 ~ 10 12 Jones). This research shows that multilayer InSe nanosheets are promising materials for high performance photodetectors.
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