Development of a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) twin-stack for long-term operation

A miniature passive direct formic acid fuel cell based twin-cell stack with highly stable and reproducible long-term discharge performance

“…The concentration of the formic acid, measured by titration, is found to be 0.20 M (5.0 M initially) after the long-term discharging experiment. Faradic efficiency (Á) of the stack can be calculated by the following equation [32]:…”

Effect of stainless steel meshes on the performance of passive micro direct methanol fuel cells

“…When operating with 1 M methanol at 80 C, the authors attained maximum power densities of 38 mW/cm 2 and 22 mW/ cm 2 using 1 bar of oxygen and air, respectively. Zhu et al [10] produced a passive 8-cell DMFC twin-stack for long-term operation with titanium nitride (TiN) plated mesh between the current collectors and the MEA. This was used to minimize the internal resistance of the stack.…”

A Passive Vapor-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on a Composite Pervaporation Membrane

“…Since the 1990s, people have realized that vapor-feed fuel cells tend to have higher power density, because the methanol vapor in phase has higher mass diffusivity and chemical reaction rate [7]. Furthermore, Halim et al reported that the vapor-feed μDMFC has relatively lower methanol crossover compared to the liquid-feed μDMFC [8].…”

“…Li et al utilized a hydrophobic porous layer (porous carbon plate) between the anode reservoir and MEA to function as a passive vaporizer [13]. Nevertheless, most of the vaporizers used in μDMFC require extra power or external devices [7], [9], [12], and [13], which in turn limits the overall output power and increases the complexity of the μDMFC system. Although some passive vaporizers with relative simple structure were proposed, the methanol vapor generation rate was low, resulting in low power output and stability [14].…”