Development of a novel niosomal system for oral delivery of Ginkgo biloba extract

Abstract

Background:The aim of this study was to develop an optimal niosomal system to deliver Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) with improved oral bioavailability and to replace the conventional GbE tablets. Methods: In this study, the film dispersion-homogenization method was used to prepare GbE niosomes. The resulting GbE niosome suspension was freeze-dried or spray-dried to improve the stability of the niosomes. GbE-loaded niosomes were formulated and characterized in terms of their morphology, particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and angle of repose, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis was performed. In vitro release and in vivo distribution studies were also carried out. Results: The particle size of the optimal delivery system prepared with Tween 80, Span 80, and cholesterol was about 141 nm. There was a significant difference (P , 0.05) in drug entrapment efficiency between the spray-drying method (about 77.5%) and the freeze-drying method (about 50.1%). The stability study revealed no significant change in drug entrapment efficiency for the GbE niosomes at 4°C and 25°C after 3 months. The in vitro release study suggested that GbE niosomes can prolong the release of flavonoid glycosides in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 6.8) for up to 48 hours. The in vivo distribution study showed that the flavonoid glycoside content in the heart, lung, kidney, brain, and blood of rats treated with the GbE niosome carrier system was greater than in the rats treated with the oral GbE tablet (P , 0.01). No flavonoid glycosides were detected in the brain tissue of rats given the oral GbE tablets, but they were detected in the brain tissue of rats given the GbE niosomes. Conclusion: Niosomes are a promising oral system for delivery of GbE to the brain.

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

“…227 Oral bioavailability of kaempferol is enhanced using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system and nanoniosome delivery techniques with a size range of 34-141 nm in dog and rat models. 228 …”

Liposomal Drug Delivery: A Versatile Platform for Challenging Clinical Applications

“…Research has been focused on providing controlled release of antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, peptides and various macromolecules (156)(157)(158)(159)(160). Cationic niosomes have been prepared by the combination of cationic lipids and non-ionic surfactants in niosomes (161).…”

Solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for oral delivery of glimepiride: development and antidiabetic activity in albino rabbits

“…In these drugs, dissolution of the drug is the rate limiting step in the absorption process. To triumph over these obstacles, numbers of formulation approaches are reported including the use of surfactants (Allaboun et al, 2003;Balakrishnan et al, 2004;Chakraborty et al, 2009), lipids (Yeap et al, 2013), permeation enhancers (Burcin et al, 2010;Beg et al, 2011), formation of salt (Li et al, 2005;Serajuddin, 2007), co-crystallization (Shan & Zaworotko, 2008;Qiao et al, 2011;Chadha et al, 2012), solid dispersions (Serajuddin, 1999), inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins and modified cyclodextrins (Miyake et al, 2000;Veiga et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2000;Bannwart et al, 2001;Carrier et al, 2007;Gamsiz et al, 2010a,b;Gamsiz et al, 2011;Badr-Eldin et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2013), nanosuspensions (Patravale et al, 2004), and colloidal vesicles like liposomes (Nazzal et al, 2002a;Manconi et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2013), and niosomes (Khazaeli et al, 2007;Bayindir & Yuksel, 2010;SezginBayindir et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2013) In modern years, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are the most popular and commercially feasible lipid-based formulation approach for improving oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble and lipophilic drugs (Pouton, 2006;Date, 2007;Shweta et al, 2011). SNEDDS are precisely defined as an isotropic multi-component drug delivery systems composed of a synthetic or natural oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant that have a unique ability of forming fine oil in water micro-or nano-emulsion upon mild agitation followed by dilutio...…”