Development of a novel hand-held toluene gas sensor: Possible use in the prevention and control of sick building syndrome

Detection of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by metal oxide nanostructures-based gas sensors: A review

“…Toluene is a benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon that is emitted in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and the making of coke from coal. This compound is used in the production of paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes [7]. The acute toxicity of toluene is similar to that of benzene, and the organs affected from its exposure are the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and skin [29].…”

“…The 0.07 ppm toluene value (WHO) emphasizes the need for sensitive, specific, affordable, simple, and reproducible methods for detecting toluene gas [7]. …”

“…Another example is sick building syndrome (SBS), which is a health issue of significant importance and refers to situations where building occupants experience health issue, such as headaches, nausea, eye irritation, cough, etc., that develop from prolonged periods inside a building. Although no specific cause can be identified, factors associated with SBS include the temperature, odor, particulate matter and VOCs [7]. Therefore, effective methods to monitor VOCs have been in demand for atmospheric environmental measurement and control as well as human well-being and health monitoring.…”

Toluene chemiresistor sensor based on nano-porous toluene-imprinted polymer

“…Toluene is a benzonoid aromatic hydrocarbon and is emitted in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and the making of coke from coal. It is used in the production of paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes [2]. Several methods such as tube detection method [3] gas chromatography [4] and volatile organic compound sensors [5] have been reported for the detection of toluene.…”

Absorbance Based Light Emitting Diode Optical Sensors and Sensing Devices

“…They can be utilised to monitor our environment for sources of health risks, such as inhalation of air pollutants (examples include: particulate matter (PM) [119], pesticides [119] and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [120]).…”