Toluene chemiresistor sensor based on nano-porous toluene-imprinted polymer

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for Priority Pollutants

“…Chemiresistive sensors are relatively low-cost and simple devices and their performance is based on the electrical resistance/reactance change when they are in contact with target analytes. Alizadeh et al [ 84 ] developed a chemiresistor gas sensor for toluene using a toluene imprinted polymer which was synthesized according to the Matsuguchi’s method [ 77 ]. The MIP powders were mixed with graphite in the presence of melted n-eicosane as the binder agent.…”

“…Additionally, in gaseous samples, mass-transfer of the template molecules between the sample matrix and the imprinted recognition sites within the highly cross-linked polymer network is low and resulted, mostly, to a prolonged sampling time. There are some reports in which MIP-modified sensors were used for detection of benzene (boiling point: 80.81 °C; vapor pressure: 94.8 mm Hg at 25 °C) [ 78 , 79 , 81 ], toluene (boiling point: 111 °C; vapor pressure: 28.4 mm Hg at 25 °C) [ 54 , 77 , 79 , 81 , 84 ], xylenes (boiling points for ortho -: 144 °C, meta -: 139 °C and para -: 138 °C; vapor pressures at 20°C for ortho -: 7 mmHg, meta -: 9 mmHg and para -: 9 mmHg) [ 77 , 79 , 81 ], nitrobenzene (boiling point: 211 °C; vapor pressure 0.245 mm Hg at 25 °C) [ 83 ] and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (boiling point: decomposes at 250–300 °C; vapor pressure: 1.47 × 10 −4 mm Hg at 22 °C) [ 44 ] in the gaseous samples. These chemicals belong to either the group of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be present with higher concentrations in air.…”

“…and electrochemical (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [52], potentiometric [53,54] or voltammetric methods [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]) detection techniques. However, to a lesser extent, electromechanical-based mass sensors (quartz crystal microbalance [75][76][77][78][79], electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance [80] and quartz crystal tuning fork devices [81]) and chemiresistive sensors [82][83][84] were also modified with MIPs for selective detection of EPA priority pollutants. Figure 2 shows schematically the MIP-modified sensors for EPA Priority Pollutants.…”

A new hydrogen cyanide chemiresistor gas sensor based on graphene quantum dots

“…Carbon-based materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphene have shown to be the ideal candidates in the sensing field [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Graphene, as a twodimensional carbon nanomaterial, is an ideal choice for sensing applications owing to its large surface-to-volume ratio and special electrical property [29,30].…”

Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of malachite green and fuchsine dyes in seafood and environmental water samples using nano-alumina-based molecular imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction

“…However, molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess several advantages over their biological counterparts including low cost, ease of preparation and good physical and chemical stability over a wide range of experimental conditions. Polymers prepared with this technique, have been utilised as materials of molecular recognition in many scientific and technical fields such as stationary phases for chromatography [1,2], spectrofluorometry [3,4], electrochemistry [5][6][7], sensors [8][9], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], membrane separation [17] drug releases and catalysts [18,19]. The common methods for preparing MIPs which are suitable for SPE include bulk polymerisation, precipitation polymerisation and suspension polymerisation.…”